Pain physician
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Comparative Study Observational Study
Transforaminal Endoscopic Lumbar Discectomy Versus Open Lumbar Microdiscectomy: A Comparative Cohort Study with a 5-Year Follow-Up.
Transforaminal endoscopic lumbar discectomy (TELD) is regarded as an effective treatment option for soft lumbar disc herniation (LDH). There have been few studies evaluating the long-term outcomes of endoscopic procedures compared with conventional surgery. ⋯ Endoscopic, discectomy, hospital stay, lumbar disc, microscopic, operative time, return to work, transforaminal.
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Canada and the United States have the highest levels of prescription opioid consumption in the world. In an attempt to curb the opioid epidemic, a variety of interventions have been implemented. Thus far, evidence regarding their effectiveness has not been consolidated. ⋯ Opioid, prescription, abuse, misuse, diversion, interventions, prescription monitoring programs.
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The detailed structure of the lumbar intervertebral foramina has been well-studied. Nevertheless, detailed descriptions of branches of the intervertebral vein (IV) through the lumbar intervertebral foramina are lacking. ⋯ Clinical anatomy, intervertebral veins, lumbar vertebra, Kambin's triangle, safe triangle, intervertebral foramina, vertebral venous system, inadvertent injection, transforaminal epidural steroid injection.