European journal of applied physiology
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Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. · Nov 2013
Skin blood flow influences cerebral oxygenation measured by near-infrared spectroscopy during dynamic exercise.
Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is widely used to investigate cerebral oxygenation and/or neural activation during physiological conditions such as exercise. However, NIRS-determined cerebral oxygenated hemoglobin (O2Hb) may not necessarily correspond to intracranial blood flow during dynamic exercise. To determine the selectivity of NIRS to assess cerebral oxygenation and neural activation during exercise, we examined the influence of changes in forehead skin blood flow (SkBF(head)) on NIRS signals during dynamic exercise. ⋯ These findings suggest that during dynamic exercise NIRS-derived O2Hb signal can be influenced by thermoregulatory changes in SkBF(head) and therefore, may not be completely reflective of cerebral oxygenation or neural activation.
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Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. · Nov 2013
Inhomogeneous architectural changes of the quadriceps femoris induced by resistance training.
This study aimed to clarify whether resistance training-induced changes in muscle architecture are homogeneous among the quadriceps and over different regions within each muscle. ⋯ The current results indicate that (1) hypertrophy of the quadriceps femoris is associated with a proportional increase in pennation angle but not necessarily in fascicle length, and (2) training-induced changes in muscle size and pennation do not evenly occur among the quadriceps, along or across a muscle.