Journal of microbiology, immunology, and infection = Wei mian yu gan ran za zhi
-
J Microbiol Immunol Infect · Oct 2016
Multicenter StudyPrevalence of vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus (VISA) and heterogeneous VISA among methicillin-resistant S. aureus with high vancomycin minimal inhibitory concentrations in Taiwan: A multicenter surveillance study, 2012-2013.
Intermediate-resistance and heteroresistance to vancomycin in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is reported worldwide. A surveillance study in 2003 showed that the prevalence rates of vancomycin-intermediate S. aureus (VISA) and heterogeneous VISA (hVISA) in Taiwan were 0.2% and 0.7%, respectively. This study aimed to investigate the updated prevalence of VISA and hVISA in Taiwan. ⋯ Growing hVISA prevalence was highly suspected. Longitudinal surveillance of this phenomenon and monitoring of its clinical impact are necessary.
-
J Microbiol Immunol Infect · Oct 2016
Comparative StudyPrevalence of latent tuberculosis infection in persons with and without human immunodeficiency virus infection using two interferon-gamma release assays and tuberculin skin test in a low human immunodeficiency virus prevalence, intermediate tuberculosis-burden country.
The risk of tuberculosis (TB) is higher in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients and intravenous drug users (IDUs). We determined the prevalence and risk factors of latent TB infection (LTBI) in individuals with or without HIV infection, including IDUs, in a country with a low HIV prevalence, an intermediate TB burden, and a high Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine coverage using two interferon-gamma release assays (IGRAs) and the tuberculin skin test (TST). ⋯ HIV-infected persons had a significantly lower response to both IGRAs and TST. High discordance was found between the two generations of IGRAs and between IGRAs and TST. Increasing age, a known risk factor for LTBI, was significantly associated with IGRAs, but not with TST.
-
J Microbiol Immunol Infect · Oct 2016
Analysis of clinical outcomes in pediatric bacterial meningitis focusing on patients without cerebrospinal fluid pleocytosis.
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cell count and biochemical examinations and cultures form the basis for the diagnosis of bacterial meningitis. However, some patients do not have typical findings and are at a higher risk of being missed or having delayed treatment. To better understand the correlation between CSF results and outcomes, we evaluated CSF data focusing on the patients with atypical findings. ⋯ In children with bacterial meningitis, nontypical CSF findings and, in particular, normal CSF leukocyte count and increased protein level may indicate a worse prognosis.
-
J Microbiol Immunol Infect · Oct 2016
Genetically diverse serotypes III and VI substitute major clonal disseminated serotypes Ib and V as prevalent serotypes of Streptococcus agalactiae from 2007 to 2012.
Streptococcus agalactiae [group B Streptococcus (GBS)] has become more prevalent in nonpregnant women, the elderly, and people who are immunocompromised. We investigated the serotype and genomic changes of GBS human isolates from different hospitals from 2007 to 2012. ⋯ Rapid genomic variations with different evolutionary patterns have led to the establishment of serotypes III and VI as the predominant GBS serotypes.