Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Assessment of brachial plexus blockade in chickens by an axillary approach.
To assess the brachial plexus block in chickens by an axillary approach and using a peripheral nerve stimulator. ⋯ The brachial plexus block was an easy technique to perform but had a high failure rate. It might be useful for providing anesthesia or postoperative analgesia of the wing in chickens and exotic avian species that have similar wing anatomy.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Fentanyl or midazolam for co-induction of anaesthesia with propofol in dogs.
Propofol may cause adverse effects (e.g. apnoea, hypotension) at induction of anaesthesia. Co-induction of anaesthesia may reduce propofol requirements. The effect of fentanyl or midazolam on propofol dose requirements and cardiorespiratory parameters was studied. ⋯ Fentanyl decreased propofol requirement but did not significantly alter cardiovascular parameters. Midazolam did not reduce propofol requirements and caused excitement in some animals.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
A comparison of the effects of propofol and etomidate on the induction of anesthesia and on cardiopulmonary parameters in dogs.
To determine the effects of propofol or etomidate on induction quality, arterial blood pressure, blood gases, and recovery quality in normal dogs. ⋯ Propofol caused a decrease in SAP and MAP which was not observed with etomidate. Etomidate caused longer and poorer recoveries than propofol.
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To determine the safety and efficacy of intramuscularly (IM) injected 100% propofol and propofol-dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) mixtures. ⋯ One hundred percent propofol is neither safe nor effective when administered via the IM route; presumably as a result of poor systemic uptake of the hydrophobic drug. Newer, water-soluble propofol formulations may circumvent these pharmacokinetic problems, yet local tissue injury might still be possible if high concentrations of free propofol drug are liberated.
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To determine the quality and duration of anesthesia and the cardiopulmonary effects of a morphine, medetomidine, ketamine (MMK) combination administered intramuscularly (IM) to dogs. ⋯ Morphine/medetomidine/ketamine may be used for minor medical and surgical procedures requiring short-term anesthesia and analgesia but it is not recommended for medical procedures that are painful.