Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
A comparison of two combinations of xylazine-ketamine administered intramuscularly to alpacas and of reversal with tolazoline.
To evaluate the anesthetic and cardiorespiratory effects of two doses of intramuscular (IM) xylazine/ketamine in alpacas, and to determine if tolazoline would reduce the anesthetic recovery time. ⋯ Both doses of the combination were effective in providing restraint in alpacas and the duration of restraint was dose dependent. Supplemental oxygen should be available if using the HD and IM administration of tolazoline will shorten the recovery time.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Pharmacokinetics of hydromorphone hydrochloride in healthy dogs.
To assess the pharmacokinetics of hydromorphone administered intravenously (IV) or subcutaneously (SC) to dogs. ⋯ Hydromorphone has a short half-life, suggesting that frequent dosing intervals are needed. Based on pharmacokinetic parameters calculated in this study, 0.1 mg kg(-1) IV or SC q 2 hours or a constant rate infusion of hydromorphone at 0.03 mg kg(-1) hour(-1) are suggested for future studies to assess the analgesic effect of hydromorphone.
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Comparative Study Controlled Clinical Trial
Comparison between acceleromyography and visual assessment of train-of-four for monitoring neuromuscular blockade in horses undergoing surgery.
To compare acceleromyography (AMG) with visual assessment of train-of-four (TOF) for monitoring neuromuscular blockade and detecting residual muscle paralysis in horses receiving atracurium. ⋯ There was no substantial advantage for AMG in detecting the onset of atracurium-induced neuromuscular blockade. However, AMG detected residual blockade when visual assessment of TOF did not. Application of AMG is likely to reduce the incidence of residual blockade.