Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia
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To describe an ultrasound-guided approach for lumbar plexus catheter placement in dogs. ⋯ This technique has shown a high percentage of success and low rate of complications. The only complication investigated in this study was the spread to the abdomen or epidural space. To establish safety, clinical studies will be needed.
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To assess the effect of two rates of infusion of dexmedetomidine on the bispectral index (BIS) in dogs anaesthetized with alfaxalone constant rate infusion (CRI). ⋯ Administration of dexmedetomidine (2 μg kg(-1) + CRI 1 μg kg(-1) hour(-1) ) decreases the BIS values and avoids the autonomic responses of a nociceptive stimulus during alfaxalone anaesthesia at 0.07 mg kg(-1) minute(-1) in dogs. However, further studies are needed to verify whether this combination produces an adequate degree of hypnosis under surgical situations.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study
Comparison of bupivacaine and dexmedetomidine femoral and sciatic nerve blocks with bupivacaine and buprenorphine epidural injection for stifle arthroplasty in dogs.
To compare the quality of anesthesia and analgesia from femoral and sciatic nerve blocks (FS) with bupivacaine and dexmedetomidine with that from an epidural injection (EPI) with bupivacaine and buprenorphine in dogs undergoing unilateral stifle arthroplasty. ⋯ Both techniques have the potential to provide sufficient analgesia for up to 24 hours in approximately two-thirds of dogs. Careful observation for signs of pain and preparedness to intervene is still recommended. The incidence of urinary retention was low in both groups. These techniques show promise for providing high-quality analgesia for stifle arthroplasty.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Effect of intravenous lidocaine on cough response to endotracheal intubation in propofol-anaesthetized dogs.
To determine whether the administration of intravenous (IV) lidocaine before the induction of anaesthesia in premedicated dogs reduces the cough response associated with endotracheal intubation and the propofol dose required. ⋯ IV lidocaine can decrease the incidence of cough during endotracheal intubation in dogs premedicated with acepromazine and methadone, but does not appear to have a sparing effect on the dose of propofol required for endotracheal intubation. Use of IV lidocaine, prior to induction of anaesthesia with propofol may be beneficial in dogs where coughing at intubation would be detrimental.
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To describe four ultrasound-guided approaches to the lumbar and thoracic spine to aid spinal canal puncture in the dog and to evaluate the feasibility of the technique. ⋯ The sonographic description of these approaches was considered adequate for performing spinal canal puncture. In-plane techniques achieved a higher success rate than out-of-plane ones. Further studies are needed to evaluate them in a clinical setting.