Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia
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Randomized Controlled Trial
The effect of two different intra-operative end-tidal carbon dioxide tensions on apnoeic duration in the recovery period in horses.
To compare the effect of two different intraoperative end-tidal carbon dioxide tensions on apnoeic duration in the recovery period in horses. ⋯ Aiming to maintain intra-operative Pe'CO2 at 60 ± 5 mmHg (8.0 ± 0.7 kPa) in mechanically ventilated horses resulted in more rapid RSV compared with when Pe'CO2 was maintained at 40 ± 5 mmHg (5.3 ± 0.7 kPa).
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To evaluate the non-calibrated, minimally invasive cardiac output (CO) monitor FloTrac/Vigileo (FloTrac) against thermodilution (TD) CO in standing horses. ⋯ The FloTrac system, originally designed for use in humans, neither measured absolute CO in standing horses accurately nor tracked relative changes in CO measured by TD correctly. The false dependence of COF loTrac on arterial blood pressure further discourages the use of this technique in horses.
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Comparative Study
Agreement between two oscillometric blood pressure technologies and invasively measured arterial pressure in the dog.
To compare two commonly used oscillometric technologies for obtaining noninvasive blood pressure (NIBP) measurements and to determine if there is a difference in agreement between these systems and invasive blood pressure (IBP) measurements. ⋯ Multi-function monitors can contain components from various manufacturers. Clinicians should consider whether these have been validated in the species to be monitored. Both of the technologies studied here seem appropriate for use in dogs.
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To develop, test and refine an 'intervention-based' system for the surveillance of adverse events (AEs) during small animal anaesthesia. ⋯ Simple intervention-based surveillance tools can be easily integrated into small animal anaesthetic practice, providing a valuable evidence base for anaesthetists. A number of considerations must be addressed to ensure compliance and the quality of data collected.
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To systematically review published studies evaluating pain associated with onychectomy in cats, and to assess the efficacy of the analgesic therapies applied. ⋯ Twenty manuscripts published in refereed journals were reviewed. These included papers reporting 18 clinical trials and two studies conducted in conditioned research cats. Twelve analgesics were evaluated, including seven opioids, four non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and one local anesthetic. Nine studies involved a direct comparison of analgesic agents. Limb use was abnormal when measured at 2 and 12 days following onychectomy, and neither fentanyl patch nor butorphanol administration resulted in normal use of the surgical limb. In another study, cats evaluated at 6 months after this surgery were not lame. Differing surgical techniques were compared in six studies; the results indicated that pain scores were lower after laser surgery than after scalpel surgery. The difficulties associated with assessing pain in cats and the lack of sensitivity of the evaluation systems utilized were highlighted in many of the studies. Huge variations in dose and dosing strategies had significant impacts on drug efficacy. Statistically significant differences among treatments were found in most studies; however, no clearly superior analgesic treatment was identified. A combination of meloxicam or robenacoxib with an opioid may provide more effective analgesia and should be evaluated.