The lancet oncology
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The lancet oncology · Jun 2012
Review Comparative StudyLenalidomide maintenance for multiple myeloma.
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The lancet oncology · Jun 2012
Multicenter Study Clinical TrialFocal therapy for localised unifocal and multifocal prostate cancer: a prospective development study.
Radical whole-gland therapy can lead to significant genitourinary and rectal side-effects for men with localised prostate cancer. We report on whether selective focal ablation of unifocal and multifocal cancer lesions can reduce this treatment burden. ⋯ Medical Research Council (UK), Pelican Cancer Foundation, and St Peters Trust.
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Since the identification of microRNAs (miRNAs) in 1993, and the subsequent discovery of their highly conserved nature in 2000, the amount of research into their function--particularly how they contribute to malignancy--has greatly increased. This class of small RNA molecules control gene expression and provide a previously unknown control mechanism for protein synthesis. As such, it is unsurprising that miRNAs are now known to play an essential part in malignancy, functioning as tumour suppressors and oncogenes. This Review summarises the present understanding of how miRNAs operate at the molecular level; how their dysregulation is a crucial part of tumour formation, maintenance, and metastasis; how they can be used as biomarkers for disease type and grade; and how miRNA-based treatments could be used for diverse types of malignancies.
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The lancet oncology · Jun 2012
Comparative StudyCancer incidence in patients with polyglutamine diseases: a population-based study in Sweden.
Polyglutamine (polyQ) diseases are characterised by the expansion of CAG triplet repeats in specific genes. The accumulated encoded proteins affect the transcription of numerous transcription factors. We investigated whether polyQ diseases reduce the risk of cancer development. ⋯ Swedish Cancer Society, Swedish Council for Working Life and Social Research.
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The lancet oncology · Jun 2012
ReviewShort-term androgen deprivation therapy for patients with intermediate-risk prostate cancer undergoing dose-escalated radiotherapy: the standard of care?
What is the best way to manage patients with intermediate-risk prostate cancer? One of the most controversial aspects of treatment is the role of short-term androgen deprivation therapy in combination with definitive radiotherapy. In two randomised trials of patients with mostly intermediate-risk prostate cancer, increased overall survival was reported when short-term androgen deprivation therapy was added to radiotherapy. ⋯ This limitation, in combination with the heterogeneous nature of the cancers classified as intermediate risk, has complicated the application of these trial results to modern clinical practice. In this Review, we discuss clinical evidence for and against use of short-term androgen deprivation therapy with dose-escalated radiotherapy for patients with intermediate-risk prostate cancer.