The lancet oncology
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The lancet oncology · Jun 2012
Review Comparative StudyLenalidomide maintenance for multiple myeloma.
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Since the identification of microRNAs (miRNAs) in 1993, and the subsequent discovery of their highly conserved nature in 2000, the amount of research into their function--particularly how they contribute to malignancy--has greatly increased. This class of small RNA molecules control gene expression and provide a previously unknown control mechanism for protein synthesis. As such, it is unsurprising that miRNAs are now known to play an essential part in malignancy, functioning as tumour suppressors and oncogenes. This Review summarises the present understanding of how miRNAs operate at the molecular level; how their dysregulation is a crucial part of tumour formation, maintenance, and metastasis; how they can be used as biomarkers for disease type and grade; and how miRNA-based treatments could be used for diverse types of malignancies.
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The lancet oncology · Jun 2012
ReviewOptimising radiation treatment decisions for patients who receive neoadjuvant chemotherapy and mastectomy.
Whereas randomised clinical trials have established which patients might benefit from postmastectomy radiation therapy after upfront surgery, no such data exist for guiding decisions on who might benefit from postmastectomy radiation therapy after upfront chemotherapy. Insight must be drawn from non-randomised data to provide such guidance. Early data suggest that both extent of disease at presentation and response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy predict the risk of locoregional recurrence, and can be used to tailor recommendations for postmastectomy radiation therapy. Randomised clinical trial data are needed to assess whether postmastectomy radiation therapy can be safely omitted in selected women with good response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy.
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The lancet oncology · Jun 2012
Comparative StudyCancer incidence in patients with polyglutamine diseases: a population-based study in Sweden.
Polyglutamine (polyQ) diseases are characterised by the expansion of CAG triplet repeats in specific genes. The accumulated encoded proteins affect the transcription of numerous transcription factors. We investigated whether polyQ diseases reduce the risk of cancer development. ⋯ Swedish Cancer Society, Swedish Council for Working Life and Social Research.
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The lancet oncology · Jun 2012
Comparative StudyPrognostic value of a microRNA signature in nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a microRNA expression analysis.
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) can be used as prognostic biomarkers in many types of cancer. We aimed to identify miRNAs that were prognostic in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. ⋯ Science Foundation of Chinese Ministry of Health, National Natural Science Foundation of China, Pearl River Scholar Funded Scheme, Guangdong Key Scientific and Technological Innovation Program, Guangdong Natural Science Foundation, Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities.