The lancet oncology
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The lancet oncology · Jul 2012
Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter StudyThoracic radiotherapy with or without daily low-dose carboplatin in elderly patients with non-small-cell lung cancer: a randomised, controlled, phase 3 trial by the Japan Clinical Oncology Group (JCOG0301).
It is unknown whether combined chemoradiotherapy improves overall survival in elderly patients with locally advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The aim of this study was to assess whether radiotherapy plus carboplatin results in longer survival than radiotherapy alone in elderly patients with NSCLC. ⋯ Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare of Japan.
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The lancet oncology · Jul 2012
Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Comparative StudyPreoperative chemoradiotherapy and postoperative chemotherapy with fluorouracil and oxaliplatin versus fluorouracil alone in locally advanced rectal cancer: initial results of the German CAO/ARO/AIO-04 randomised phase 3 trial.
Preoperative chemoradiotherapy, total mesorectal excision surgery, and adjuvant chemotherapy with fluorouracil is the standard combined modality treatment for rectal cancer. With the aim of improving disease-free survival (DFS), this phase 3 study (CAO/ARO/AIO-04) integrated oxaliplatin into standard treatment. ⋯ German Cancer Aid (Deutsche Krebshilfe).
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The lancet oncology · Jul 2012
ReviewImmunotherapies for non-small-cell lung cancer and mesothelioma.
Non-small-cell lung cancer and mesothelioma are thoracic malignancies, which in their advanced stages are incurable and have poor prognosis. Advances in our understanding of immune responses to tumours, tumour immunosuppression mechanisms, and tumour-specific shared antigens enabled successful early clinical trials of several specific and non-specific immunotherapies. ⋯ In mesothelioma, immunotherapies being investigated include dendritic cell-based and Listeria-based vaccines, and allogeneic tumour cell and WT1 analogue peptide vaccines. Selection of appropriate patients and disease stages for immunotherapy, measurement of tumour-specific immune responses, and understanding the association between immune and clinical responses are some of the major challenges for the development of immunotherapies for these malignancies.
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The lancet oncology · Jul 2012
ReviewRadiotherapy for head and neck tumours in 2012 and beyond: conformal, tailored, and adaptive?
Intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) is a conformal irradiation technique that enables steep dose gradients. In head and neck tumours this approach spares parotid-gland function without compromise to treatment efficacy. ⋯ Planned dose increases to parts of the target volumes may also be used to match the radiosensitivity of tumours (so-called dose-painting), assessed by molecular imaging. For swift implementation of tailored and adaptive IMRT, tools and procedures, such as accurate image acquisition and reconstruction, automatic segmentation of target volumes and organs at risk, non-rigid image and dose registration, and dose summation methods, need to be developed and properly validated.
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The lancet oncology · Jul 2012
VEGF pathway genetic variants as biomarkers of treatment outcome with bevacizumab: an analysis of data from the AViTA and AVOREN randomised trials.
No biomarkers that could guide patient selection for treatment with the anti-VEGF monoclonal antibody bevacizumab have been identified. We assessed whether genetic variants in the VEGF pathway could act as biomarkers for bevacizumab treatment outcome. ⋯ F Hoffmann-La Roche.