Current pharmaceutical biotechnology
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Curr Pharm Biotechnol · Jun 2012
Review Meta AnalysisPharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics model-supported early drug development.
Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) modeling & simulation (M&S) provides quantitative assessment of dose/exposure-response relationships with extensive applications at the late stage drug development as well as during regulatory decision making. However, at preclinical and early phase clinical drug development, the importance of PK/PD M&S has not been as widely recognized. ⋯ We also reviewed several other M&S approaches that are often used in early drug development such as physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling, meta-analysis, PK-pharmacogenomics modeling, and etc. Our aims were to provide expert opinions on the practical utility of PK/PD model-based approaches that have positive impact on early decision-making with the goal of improving the success rate of early to late stage drug development.
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Curr Pharm Biotechnol · Jun 2012
ReviewCurrent knowledge and perspectives for the use of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) in oral and maxillofacial surgery part 2: Bone graft, implant and reconstructive surgery.
Platelet concentrates for surgical use are innovative tools of regenerative medicine, and were widely tested in oral and maxillofacial surgery. Unfortunately, the literature on the topic is contradictory and the published data are difficult to sort and interpret. In bone graft, implant and reconstructive surgery, the literature is particularly dense about the use of the various forms of Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) - Pure Platelet-Rich Plasma (P-PRP) or Leukocyte- and Platelet-Rich Plasma (L-PRP) - but still limited about Platelet-Rich Fibrin (PRF) subfamilies. ⋯ Only a few simple, inexpensive and efficient techniques such as the L-PRF will continue to develop in oral and maxillofacial surgery in the next years. This natural evolution illustrates that clinical sciences need concrete and practical solutions, and not hypothetical benefits. The history of platelet concentrates in oral and maxillofacial surgery finally demonstrates also how the techniques evolve and sometimes promote the definition of new therapeutical concepts and clinical protocols in the today's era of regenerative medicine.
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RNA interference (RNAi) is a fundamental mechanism of gene regulation and has been harnessed to produce a new class of drugs for treatment of various diseases. A key issue in these applications is how to effectively deliver RNAi therapeutics into target cells. This review is focused on advances in RNA delivery in vivo. ⋯ Approaches to RNA delivery are divided into three categories in this review: biological, chemical, and physical. Advantages and disadvantages of each method are discussed. At present, effective delivery of RNAi therapeutics in vivo is still a challenge although significant advances have been made in this field.