National Toxicology Program technical report series
-
Natl Toxicol Program Tech Rep Ser · Aug 1996
NTP Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies of 1-Amino-2,4-Dibromoanthraquinone (CAS No. 81-49-2) in F344/N Rats and B6C3F1 Mice (Feed Studies).
1-Amino-2,4-dibromoanthraquinone is an anthraquinone-derived vat dye, a member of a class of insoluble dyes that are impregnated into textile fibers. Five anthraquinone-derived dyes with representative and diverse structures, as well as the parent chemical, anthraquinone, were selected for NTP Toxicology and Carcinogenesis evaluation. Similar to the benzidine dye initiative, the rationale for selecting these vat dyes was to generate sufficient toxicologic data to permit more reliable predictions of carcinogenicity to be made on other chemicals in this class, thereby eliminating or reducing the need to study every anthraquinone dye. 1-Amino-2,4-dibromoanthraquinone is the last anthraquinone-derived dye in this group to be studied. ⋯ Exposure of male and female rats to 1-amino-2,4-dibromoanthraquinone for 2 years was associated with basophilic focus (males only), clear cell focus, eosinophilic focus, and pigmentation in the liver; renal tubule hyperplasia, renal tubule pigmentation, and transitional cell hyperplasia in the kidney; transitional cell hyperplasia, squamous metaplasia, and stromal metaplasia (females only) in the urinary bladder; squamous hyperplasia, hyperkeratosis, ulceration, and inflammation of the forestomach mucosa; and seminal vesicle atrophy. Exposure of male and female mice to 1-amino-2,4-dibromoanthraquinone for 2 years was associated with centrilobular hepatocellular hypertrophy (males only), basophilic focus, clear cell focus (females only), eosinophilic focus, and pigmentation in the liver; pigmentation in the kidney; and hyperplasia, basal cell hyperplasia, hyperkeratosis, and inflammation of the forestomach mucosa. Synonym: ADBAQ
-
Natl Toxicol Program Tech Rep Ser · Aug 1996
NTP Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies of Codeine (CAS No. 76-57-3) in F344 Rats and B6C3F1 Mice (Feed Studies).
Codeine is used in a variety of pharmaceuticals including analgesics, sedatives, hypnotics, antiperistaltics, and antitussive agents. The National Cancer Institute and the Food and Drug Administration nominated codeine for study because it is a widely used drug and it is representative of the morphine class of compounds, for which chronic carcinogenicity studies had not been conducted. The oral route of administration was selected because it is the primary route of human exposure. ⋯ Thyroid gland follicular cell hyperplasia was increased in exposed male and female mice. Decreased incidences of benign pheochromocytomas of the adrenal medulla in male rats and mammary gland fibroadenomas and fibroadenomas or adenocarcinomas (combined) in female rats were related to codeine exposure. Synonyms: 7,8-didehydro-4,5-epoxy-3-methoxy-17-methylmorphinan-6-ol; methylmorphine; 3-0-methylmorphine monohydrate; N-methylnorcodeine; morphine-3-methyl ether; morphine monomethyl ether Trade names: Codeinum, Codicept, Coducept, Metilmorfina