National Toxicology Program technical report series
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Natl Toxicol Program Tech Rep Ser · Nov 1996
NTP Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies of Phenolphthalein (CAS No. 77-09-8) in F344/N Rats and B6C3F1 Mice (Feed Studies).
Phenolphthalein is used as a laboratory reagent and acid-base indicator and in over-the-counter laxative preparations. The National Cancer Institute nominated phenolphthalein for study because of its widespread use as a component in numerous laxative preparations and the lack of adequate testing for carcinogenicity in experimental animals. Male and female F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice were exposed to phenolphthalein (98% to 99% pure) in feed for 14 days, 13 weeks, or 2 years. ⋯ Exposure of mice to phenolphthalein in feed for 2 years resulted in increased incidences of atypical hyperplasia of the thymus in males and females, degeneration of the germinal epithelium of the testis in males, and ovarian hyperplasia in females. Exposure of mice to phenolphthalein in feed for 2 years resulted in decreased incidences of hepatocellular neoplasms and nonneoplastic lesions in males and females. Synonyms: 3,3-Bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1(3H)-isobenzofuranone; 3,3-bis( p-hydroxyphenyl)phthalide; a-p -hydroxyphenyl)-a- (4-oxo-2,5-cyclohexadien-1-ylidene)- o-toluic acid Trade names: Agoral®, Alophen®, Colax®, Correctol®, Dialose®, Doxidan®, Espotabs®, Evac-U-Gen®, Evac-U-Lax®, Ex-Lax®, Feen-A-Mint®, FemiLax®, Kondremul®, LaxCaps®, Lax-Pills®, Medilax®, Modane®, Phenolax®, Prulet®
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Natl Toxicol Program Tech Rep Ser · Aug 1996
NTP Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies of 1-Amino-2,4-Dibromoanthraquinone (CAS No. 81-49-2) in F344/N Rats and B6C3F1 Mice (Feed Studies).
1-Amino-2,4-dibromoanthraquinone is an anthraquinone-derived vat dye, a member of a class of insoluble dyes that are impregnated into textile fibers. Five anthraquinone-derived dyes with representative and diverse structures, as well as the parent chemical, anthraquinone, were selected for NTP Toxicology and Carcinogenesis evaluation. Similar to the benzidine dye initiative, the rationale for selecting these vat dyes was to generate sufficient toxicologic data to permit more reliable predictions of carcinogenicity to be made on other chemicals in this class, thereby eliminating or reducing the need to study every anthraquinone dye. 1-Amino-2,4-dibromoanthraquinone is the last anthraquinone-derived dye in this group to be studied. ⋯ Exposure of male and female rats to 1-amino-2,4-dibromoanthraquinone for 2 years was associated with basophilic focus (males only), clear cell focus, eosinophilic focus, and pigmentation in the liver; renal tubule hyperplasia, renal tubule pigmentation, and transitional cell hyperplasia in the kidney; transitional cell hyperplasia, squamous metaplasia, and stromal metaplasia (females only) in the urinary bladder; squamous hyperplasia, hyperkeratosis, ulceration, and inflammation of the forestomach mucosa; and seminal vesicle atrophy. Exposure of male and female mice to 1-amino-2,4-dibromoanthraquinone for 2 years was associated with centrilobular hepatocellular hypertrophy (males only), basophilic focus, clear cell focus (females only), eosinophilic focus, and pigmentation in the liver; pigmentation in the kidney; and hyperplasia, basal cell hyperplasia, hyperkeratosis, and inflammation of the forestomach mucosa. Synonym: ADBAQ
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Natl Toxicol Program Tech Rep Ser · Aug 1996
NTP Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies of Codeine (CAS No. 76-57-3) in F344 Rats and B6C3F1 Mice (Feed Studies).
Codeine is used in a variety of pharmaceuticals including analgesics, sedatives, hypnotics, antiperistaltics, and antitussive agents. The National Cancer Institute and the Food and Drug Administration nominated codeine for study because it is a widely used drug and it is representative of the morphine class of compounds, for which chronic carcinogenicity studies had not been conducted. The oral route of administration was selected because it is the primary route of human exposure. ⋯ Thyroid gland follicular cell hyperplasia was increased in exposed male and female mice. Decreased incidences of benign pheochromocytomas of the adrenal medulla in male rats and mammary gland fibroadenomas and fibroadenomas or adenocarcinomas (combined) in female rats were related to codeine exposure. Synonyms: 7,8-didehydro-4,5-epoxy-3-methoxy-17-methylmorphinan-6-ol; methylmorphine; 3-0-methylmorphine monohydrate; N-methylnorcodeine; morphine-3-methyl ether; morphine monomethyl ether Trade names: Codeinum, Codicept, Coducept, Metilmorfina
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Natl Toxicol Program Tech Rep Ser · Jul 1996
NTP Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies of Nickel Subsulfide (CAS No. 12035-72-2) in F344 Rats and B6C3F1 Mice (Inhalation Studies).
Nickel subsulfide is used in the manufacture of lithium batteries and is a major component in the refining of certain nickel ores. Nickel subsulfide was nominated as part of a class study of nickel compounds, for which there was little information on the toxic and carcinogenic effects of inhalation exposure. Male and female F334/N rats and B6C3F1 mice were exposed to nickel subsulfide (at least 97% pure; the mean value for the mass median aerodynamic diameter at each exposure concentration ranged from 2.0 to 2.2 mm by inhalation 6 hours per day, 5 days per week, for 16 days, 13 weeks, or 2 years. ⋯ Exposure of male and female rats to nickel subsulfide by inhalation for 2 years resulted in inflammation, hyperplasia, and fibrosis in the lung; inflammation and atrophy of the olfactory epithelium in the nose; and hyperplasia in the adrenal medulla (females). Exposure of male and female mice to nickel subsulfide by inhalation for 2 years resulted in inflammation, bronchialization, hyperplasia, and fibrosis in the lung and inflammation and atrophy of the olfactory epithelium in the nose. Synonyms: Heazlewoodite, nickel subsulphide, nickel sulfide (3:2), a-nickel sulfide (3:2) crystalline, nickel sulphide, nickel tritadisulphide, trinickel disulfide
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Natl Toxicol Program Tech Rep Ser · Jul 1996
NTP Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies of Nickel Oxide (CAS No. 1313-99-1) in F344 Rats and B6C3F1 Mice (Inhalation Studies).
Nickel oxide (NiO) "sinters" are used in stainless steel and alloy steel production. Nickel oxide was nominated by the National Cancer Institute to the NTP for testing because exposure to this form of nickel is prevalent in the nickel industry. Increased incidences of lung and nasal sinus cancers have occurred among workers in certain nickel refining facilities, and nickel oxide was studied as part of a class study of nickel compounds. ⋯ Exposure of mice to nickel oxide by inhalation for 2 years resulted in bronchialization, proteinosis, inflammation, and pigmentation in the lung and lymphoid hyperplasia and pigmentation in the bronchial lymph nodes. Synonyms: Bunsenite; C. I. 77777; green nickel oxide; mononickel oxide; nickel monoxide; nickel oxide sinter 75; nickel protoxide; nickel (II) oxide; nickel (T+) oxide; nickelous oxide