Current drug metabolism
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Current drug metabolism · Jan 2018
Review Historical ArticleDementia Etiologies and Remedies in Traditional Persian Medicine; A Review of Medicinal Plants and Phytochemistry.
Dementia is a chronic neurodegenerative disease causing progressive and gradual impairment of different brain's cognitive functions. The prevalence of dementia is about 3 to 7% in different parts of the world. ⋯ The Traditional Persian Medicine literature suggested different herbal remedies for treating dementia. Modern studies support the usefulness of some of these medicines. However, the effect of a large number of these remedies has remained unexamined, a matter which needs to be investigated in future researches.
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Current drug metabolism · Jan 2018
ReviewInterpersonal Factors in the Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Voriconazole: Are CYP2C19 Genotypes Enough for Us to Make a Clinical Decision?
Invasive mycoses are serious infections with high mortality and increasing incidence. Voriconazole, an important drug to treat invasive mycosis, is metabolized mainly by the cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 19 enzyme (CYP2C19) and is affected by the genotypes of CYP2C19. ⋯ Though there is insufficient evidence on the relationship between CYP2C19 genotypes and clinical outcomes, there is a great potential for the initial voriconazole dose selection to be guided by the CYP2C19 genotype. Finally, voriconazole therapeutic drug monitoring is essential to provide patient-specific dosing recommendations, leading to more effective anti-fungal regimens to increase clinical efficacy and reduce adverse drug reactions.
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Current drug metabolism · Jan 2018
ReviewNew Therapeutic Drugs from Bioactive Natural Molecules: The Role of Gut Microbiota Metabolism in Neurodegenerative Diseases.
The gut-brain axis is considered a neuroendocrine system, which connects the brain and gastrointestinal tract and plays an important role in stress response. The homeostasis of gut-brain axis is important for health conditions and its alterations are associated to neurological disorders and neurodegenerative diseases. ⋯ This review highlights the role of gut microbiota in regulating regulates brain biochemistry and the role of microbiota metabolites on neuropathologies. Dietary ingestion of probiotics, prebiotics and polyphenols affect gut microbiota composition underlining the key role played by specific metabolites not only in the gut microbiota composition but also in the brain health maintenance.
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Current drug metabolism · Jan 2018
Review Historical ArticleA Review of Herbal Remedies for Multiple Sclerosis-Like Disorders in Traditional Persian Medicine (TPM).
Among various neurological disorders, multiple sclerosis (MS) is an expanding global immune- related inflammatory disease with complex etiologies. There is increasing demand for the use and administration of natural medicaments for this disorder. Traditional Persian Medicine (TPM) is a school of medicine and a medicinal plants-based resource for clinical studies put forward by Persian scholars. ⋯ In all, 118 medicinal plants, related to 65 families, have been authenticated out of 157 chosen medicaments. Apiaceae is the most frequent family (13 reports). Fruits and roots of plants have been the most reported botanical parts (34 and 32 items). The employed routes of administration are topical, oral, or a combination of the two (27, 57, and 34 sequentially). Fifteen medicines have been reported for Khaddar, Esterkha, and Falej simultaneously. Antioxidant activities, immunomodulatory, and anti-inflammatory properties of medicines are known as some main mechanisms to manage MS. These functions are possessed by 81%, 36%, and 48% of the studied plants, respectively. Hence, conducting adducible clinical trials and highly approved experimental tests on animals may lead to novel drugs with lesser undesirable and much more therapeutic effects on controlling MS.
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Current drug metabolism · Jan 2018
ReviewRole of Mitochondrial Mechanism in Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy.
Even though chemotherapeutic regimens show considerable importance, it may cause progressive, continuing and sometimes irreversible peripheral neuropathy. Chemotherapy induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is comprised of sensory abnormalities that are most distressing issues. The mechanism associated with CIPN pathogenesis is not completely revealed and its treatment is still questionable. The purpose of this review was to investigate the role of mitochondria in CIPN. ⋯ The pathophysiology of CIPN is complicated as chemotherapeutic medications often involve combination of drugs. With these combinatorial therapies cancer survivors develop continuing effects of CIPN which require rehabilitation strategies for the recovery of patient's condition and quality of life.