Emergency medicine journal : EMJ
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Observational Study
The Royal College of Emergency Medicine composite pain scale for children: level of inter-rater agreement.
To assess the inter-rater agreement of the Royal College of Emergency Medicine (RCEM) Composite Pain Scale. ⋯ The Ladder score could be omitted from this composite tool as it has poor inter-rater agreement in comparison with the other indicators.
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In order to enable fast treatment response to anaphylactic reactions, adrenaline auto-injectors (AAI) have been developed and manufactured. It has been reported in several studies that administration technique is suboptimal. The primary purpose of this study was to review the nature and extent of the deficiencies in administration technique among patients, parents/caregivers and healthcare professionals. ⋯ There was wide variation in administration techniques reported. However, studies designed using before-and-after training show that even a brief demonstration and educational intervention can improve technique. Further studies are required to design and pilot acceptable and cost-effective educational materials.