Cancer medicine
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Biosimilars of biologics used for cancer treatment and supportive care are expected to enter the U. S. market soon. Biosimilars will be highly similar to their reference products, but unlike generic drugs, not identical. ⋯ Potential cost savings should be evaluated in the context of differences in manufacturers' patient-assistance programs, copayments, and institutional costs. A manufacturer's ability to ensure reliable supply of high-quality biosimilars should also be considered. Broad understanding of these issues is critical for oncologists preparing for their use in clinical practice.
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Multicenter Study
The role of laser interstitial thermal therapy in enhancing progression-free survival of difficult-to-access high-grade gliomas: a multicenter study.
Surgical extent-of-resection has been shown to have an impact on high-grade glioma (HGG) outcomes; however, complete resection is rarely achievable in difficult-to-access (DTA) tumors. Controlled thermal damage to the tumor may have the same impact in DTA-HGGs. We report our multicenter results of laser interstitial thermal therapy (LITT) in DTA-HGGs. ⋯ Thirteen cases who met the following two criteria-(1) <0.05 cm(3) tumor volume not covered by the yellow TDT line and (2) <1.5 cm(3) additional tumor volume not covered by the blue TDT line-had better PFS than the other 21 cases (9.7 vs. 4.6 months; P = 0.02). LITT can be used effectively for treatment of DTA-HGGs. More complete coverage of tumor by TDT lines improves PFS which can be translated as the extent of resection concept for surgery.
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The prognostic accuracy of the CURB-65 criteria and pneumonia severity index (PSI) in immunocompromised cancer patients with pneumonia is unknown. We sought to determine whether CURB-65 and PSI predict 28-day mortality in cancer patients with pneumonia, and identify other factors that predispose cancer patients with pneumonia to a high mortality risk. We assessed sensitivities, specificities, predictive values, and areas under the receiver operating curve area under the curve (AUC) of the CURB-65 and PSI in predicting the 28-day mortality of cancer patients presenting to our institution's emergency department with pneumonia. ⋯ The addition of radiation therapy (RT) within 4 weeks and stem cell transplant (SCT) significantly improved the AUCs of the CURB-65 (0.75; 95% CI, 0.67-0.83) and PSI (0.73; 95% CI, 0.65-0.82). Inadequate performances of CURB-65 and PSI demonstrate that a tool for predicting pneumonia-related mortality in cancer patients and other immunocompromised populations is needed. Pneumonia patients who have undergone recent RT or (SCT) are at a high risk of dying from pneumonia and require special consideration when assessing pneumonia-related mortality risk.
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Preclinical studies have demonstrated that opioid receptor agonists increase the rate of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) growth and metastasis. Following institutional review board approval, we retrieved data on 901 patients who underwent surgery for NSCLC at MD Anderson Cancer Center. Comprehensive demographics, intraoperative data, and recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) at 3 and 5 years were obtained. ⋯ Alternatively, opioid consumption was a risk factor for OS for stage I patients (P = 0.036), whereas no effect was noted for stage II or III patients. Intraoperative opioid use is associated with decreased OS in stage I but not stage II-III NSCLC patients. Until randomized controlled studies explore this association further, opioids should continue to be a key component of balanced anesthesia.