The international journal of cardiovascular imaging
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Int J Cardiovasc Imaging · Feb 2013
Ultrasonographic investigation of the effect of positive end-expiratory pressure on the cross-sectional area of the femoral vein.
Femoral veins are commonly used as a relatively safe alternative route for central venous cannulation. Several maneuvers are used to increase the cross-sectional area of the vein. In this study, we assessed the effect of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) on the cross-sectional area (CSA) of femoral veins, using ultrasound in adult patients under positive pressure ventilation. ⋯ The application of 10 cm H(2)O PEEP significantly increased the CSA of the right femoral vein by 47.6 % and the left femoral vein by 48.4 % (each P < 0.001). Mean arterial pressure decreased by 2.6 mmHg (95 % CI 1.3-3.9; P < 0.001), whereas no significant change in heart rate was observed (P = 0.861). The CSA of the femoral vein is augmented with the application of 10 cm H(2)O PEEP in adult patients undergoing positive pressure ventilation.
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Int J Cardiovasc Imaging · Feb 2013
Comparative StudyImage quality in low-dose coronary computed tomography angiography with a new high-definition CT scanner.
A new generation of high definition computed tomography (HDCT) 64-slice devices complemented by a new iterative image reconstruction algorithm-adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction, offer substantially higher resolution compared to standard definition CT (SDCT) scanners. As high resolution confers higher noise we have compared image quality and radiation dose of coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) from HDCT versus SDCT. Consecutive patients (n = 93) underwent HDCT, and were compared to 93 patients who had previously undergone CCTA with SDCT matched for heart rate (HR), HR variability and body mass index (BMI). ⋯ Mean effective radiation dose did not significantly differ between HDCT (1.7 ± 0.6 mSv, range 1.0-3.7 mSv) and SDCT (1.9 ± 0.8 mSv, range 0.8-5.5 mSv; P = n.s.). HDCT scanners allow low-dose 64-slice CCTA scanning with higher resolution than SDCT but maintained image quality and equally low radiation dose. Whether this will translate into higher accuracy of HDCT for CAD detection remains to be evaluated.
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Int J Cardiovasc Imaging · Feb 2013
Comparative StudyQuantification of mitral valve regurgitation with color flow Doppler using baseline shift.
Vena contracta width (VCW) and effective regurgitant orifice area (EROA) are well established methods for evaluating mitral regurgitation using transesophageal echocardiography (TEE). For color-flow Doppler (CF) measurements Nyquist limit of 50-60 cm/s is recommended. Aim of the study was to investigate the effectiveness of a baseline shift of the Nyquist limit for these measurements. ⋯ Correlation between VCA 3D NL37.5 and EROA 2D NL50 was 0.41 (p < 0.05) vs. 0.53 (p < 0.05) using EROA 2D NL37.5. Baseline shift of the NL to 37.5 cm/s improves the correlation for VCW and EROA when compared to RT 3D NL50 planimetry of the vena contracta area. Baseline shift in RT 3D to a NL of 37.5 cm/s shows similar results like NL50.
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Int J Cardiovasc Imaging · Feb 2013
Quantitative assessment of glucose metabolism in the vessel wall of abdominal aortic aneurysms: correlation with histology and role of partial volume correction.
Inflammatory-proteolytic processes in the vessel wall are essential in the pathophysiology of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). It has been demonstrated that, (18)F-FDG-PET/CT may be useful for detection of pathological wall metabolism and therefore risk stratification. Quantification of the FDG-uptake in AAA wall is hampered by partial-volume (PV)-effects. ⋯ No correlation of (18)F-FDG-uptake and MMP-2 was found. In vivo correlations of detected FDG-uptake with clinical and histological results showed comparable results for corrected and uncorrected SUVs. PV-correction is not mandatory for qualitative clinical assessment of glucose metabolism in the vessel wall of AAA-patients but may be necessary to establish quantitative cut off values to stratify patients for aneurysm repair.