Acta medica Austriaca
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Acta medica Austriaca · Jan 1999
Review[Transthoracic sonography in the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism].
In many cases of pulmonary diseases extending up to the pleura, ultrasound helps to identify the etiology of the lesion. There are several sonomorphological criteria to differentiate peripheral pulmonary consolidations. Clinical studies and the sonographic appearance with pathologic correlation showed pulmonary infarctions in location, form and size exactly corresponding with pathological findings. ⋯ In massive central lung embolism, both fresh and old infarctions are found. An imminent larger embolism can be predicted, for instance,in a deep vein thrombosis. With one ultrasound system, we can "kill three birds with one stone": source, way and outcome of pulmonary embolism by bedside examination.
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Acta medica Austriaca · Jan 1999
Review[Fundamentals and results of cytostatic chemotherapy in some of the most common solid tumors].
In this review we discuss established cytostatic chemotherapies as well as developments and perspectives for the three most common tumour entities. Adjuvant and neoadjuvant therapy models for primary breast cancer are discussed, established and newer concepts in palliative care presented and open questions about high dose chemotherapy raised, which need to be settled before their routine use. ⋯ In the field of colorectal cancer several new thymidilatsynthase-inhibitors as well as drugs with different mode of action are available. With these new agents, [table: see text] cytostatic therapy of advanced stages and most probably also in the adjuvant setting could markedly be improved.
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For diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis an objective visualising method is indispensable (Duplex sonography, phlebography, MRI). The approval of several preparations of low-molecular-weight heparin made therapy easy: subcutaneous injections of fixed doses which are mainly adjusted to body-weight allow safe and effective anticoagulation without the need of special laboratory testing. Mobile patients should be kept walking with compression of their legs. Secondary prophylaxis consists of oral anticoagulation or alternatively in low-molecular-weight heparin and compression stockings.
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Acta medica Austriaca · Jan 1999
Comparative StudyComparison of different tracers in the follow up of differentiated thyroid carcinoma.
In the follow up of differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) several scintigraphic methods are used in addition to the serum thyroglobulin and ultrasonography of the neck. Iodine-131 whole body scintigraphy (WBS), which is performed since many years, is able to detect iodine positive recurrence, lymph node metastases and distant metastases in a very specific way. ⋯ Therefore non specific radionuclides like TI-201 or tracers such as Tc-99m Sestamibi or Tc-99m Tetrofosmin and new metabolic tracers like F-18 FDG were introduced in the diagnostic work up to detect iodine negative metastases as well. This study describes the comparison of different tracers in 35 patients with elevated thyroglobulin and suspicion of metastatic disease or already known metastases from DTC.