American journal of Alzheimer's disease and other dementias
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Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen · Nov 2014
Review Meta AnalysisAssociation of apolipoprotein E genetic variation in Alzheimer's disease in Indian population: a meta-analysis.
Dementia is an age-related disorder associated with elderly population, resulting from interaction of lifestyle risk factors with genetic, vascular, and other risk factors to affect risk of disease. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia, estimated to be affecting 4.4% of the population older than 65 years of age. Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) ε4 allele is a known genetic risk factor for AD, which not only predisposes and influences the severity of pathological changes in the brain, thereby modifying the age at onset, but also promotes cognitive decline early in nondemented older people. ⋯ These results indicate that all genotypes of ApoE ε4 allele, that is, ε2/4, ε3/4, and ε4/4, are associated with an increased risk of AD, whereas ApoE ε2/2, ε2/3, and ε3/3 are protective for AD.
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Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen · Nov 2014
Dementia and cognitive impairment in patients with Parkinson's disease from India: a 7-year prospective study.
Depression and cognitive impairment are frequent manifestations in Parkinson's disease (PD). Although a few longitudinal studies have reported on depression and dementia in PD, there is a yet a lack of such studies in India. This 7-year longitudinal study is a hospital-based prospective case (n = 250)-control (n = 280) study. ⋯ Hallucinations before baseline (odds ratio [OR] = 4.427, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.122-9.373), akinetic/tremor dominancy (OR = 0.380, 95%CI = 0.149-0.953), and asymmetrical disease onset (OR = 0.3285, 95%CI = 0.1576-0.685) can be considered as risk factors for patients with dementia. Patients with early-onset PD might be more prone to complex depression and dementia. As the disease progresses, akinetic-dominant PD, early hallucinations, and asymmetrical disease onset are the potential risk factors for the development of dementia in patients with PD.
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Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen · Nov 2014
ReviewDiagnosis and prognosis in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus.
Idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) is a communicating hydrocephalus, of unknown pathophysiology, characterized by the classical triad of dementia, urinary incontinence, and ataxia. The most popular treatment option is shunt surgery, although it is not a cure. The diagnosis of the disorder is challenging as it may mimic a lot of other neurological conditions and has no distinct biomarker. ⋯ The predictors deciding the postsurgical prognosis has been discussed. Improved shunting modalities and novel shunt materials with valve adjustments have improved the precision of the shunting procedures. Still we have lot more to achieve in terms of early diagnosis and definitive management of iNPH.