Diabetologia
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Diabetes increases the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and heart failure, as well as other serious complications, such as renal disease and depression. However, these conditions are often present prior to diabetes diagnosis. We sought to determine whether they increase the risk of developing diabetes independent of other risk factors. ⋯ Complications of diabetes are more prevalent among patients who will ultimately develop diabetes, and increase the risk of diabetes independently of other known risk factors. The apparent bidirectional relationships suggest that primary prevention of CVD may also help prevent diabetes.