Radiologic clinics of North America
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Radiol. Clin. North Am. · May 2009
Review Historical ArticleThe evolution of nuclear medicine and the musculoskeletal system.
This article reviews the evolution of nuclear medicine in the evaluation of the musculoskeletal system over the past hundred years, from autoradiography and Geiger counters and rectilinear scanners to sophisticated imaging devices that provide both functional and morphological information. Initially synonymous with bone scanning, radionuclide evaluation of musculoskeletal disorders now includes gallium, labeled leukocytes, FDG, and fluourine-18, indications and applications of which are reviewed.
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Radiol. Clin. North Am. · May 2009
ReviewPast, present, and future of therapeutic lumbar spine interventional procedures.
This article discusses in detail lumbar epidural injections, in all their manifestations, and pain management procedures related to the lumbar zygapophyseal joints are discussed in detail as relates to their formulation, current use, and potential future endeavors.
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Since the discovery of the X-ray, there have been substantial advances in musculoskeletal tumor imaging as radiography, nuclear medicine, angiography, ultrasound, CT, and MR imaging and the requisite computer technology have been developed. These imaging modalities provide invaluable information about musculoskeletal tumors to surgeons and medical oncologists at all time points along the continuum of patient care, from tumor detection and diagnosis to posttreatment surveillance. ⋯ Advanced MR imaging techniques and molecular imaging hold substantial promise for further improvements in musculoskeletal tumor imaging. This article reviews the evolution of musculoskeletal tumor imaging by modality, and suggests possible directions for future developments.