Arquivos de neuro-psiquiatria
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Review Case Reports
Seronegative Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum--the challenges on disease definition and pathogenesis.
Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) are characterized by severe optic neuritis and/or longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis, and some brain lesions are also unique to NMOSD. Serum autoantibodies against aquaporin-4 (AQP4) are detected in most cases of NMOSD. ⋯ The differential diagnosis of NMOSD is not restricted to multiple sclerosis and it includes many diseases that can produce longitudinally extensive myelitis and/or optic neuritis. We review the clinical features, imaging, and laboratory findings that can be helpful on the diagnostic work-up, discuss the differences between AQP4 antibody positive and negative patients with NMOSD, including features of NMOSD with antibodies against myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein.
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Multicenter Study Observational Study
Validation of the Brazilian version of the Spinal Cord Independence Measure III.
The Spinal Cord Independence Measure (SCIM III) specifically assesses individuals with spinal cord injuries. ⋯ The Brazilian version of the SCIM III is easy to understand, has good psychometric properties, and is valid.