Best practice & research. Clinical obstetrics & gynaecology
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Infections in critically ill obstetric patients are observed worldwide, although the incidence, aetiology and patient outcome vary between geographic locations. This chapter focuses on sepsis, with emphasis on the pathophysiology, outcome and specific management issues.
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Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol · Oct 2008
ReviewEthical challenges of treating the critically ill pregnant patient.
Most ethical issues in obstetrics, both in the critical care and non-emergency situations, hinge around the maternal-fetal relationship. With access to the necessary information and support, most women strive to improve their chance of having healthy babies. However, there could be situations where their interests do not correspond with fetal interests, thereby giving rise to conflict situations. ⋯ Where she is not competent to make an informed decision, proxy consent should be obtained or the doctrine of substituted judgement be applied. A decision to withhold or withdraw treatment in the intensive care unit (ICU) should only occur once a definitive diagnosis of terminal illness is made. Standards for the management of the human-immunodeficiency-virus-positive woman in the obstetric ICU situtation should be no different from standards employed to manage a critically ill pregnant patient in ICU with a chronic medical disease.
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Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol · Oct 2008
Role of the midwife and the obstetrician in obstetric critical care - a case study from the James Cook University Hospital.
The role of the obstetrician and the midwife are fundamental to the successful antenatal management, delivery and postpartum management of the critically ill obstetric patient. However, there is a dearth of published literature on the integrated management of these roles. This chapter addresses these issues by reporting on experiences at James Cook University Hospital in developing a more holistic approach to patient management and critical care through appraisal of these roles, and resulting extension of the role of the midwife to encompass physiological assessment, understanding the effects of pregnancy on disease, interpretation of, and acting on, blood results including arterial gases, and development of the service through the development of guidelines and undertaking audits. ⋯ The resulting development of the role of the obstetrician encompasses leadership, clinical knowledge, documentation, guideline development, risk management and the communication functions of debrief, audit and education. Development of the roles has reduced admissions to intensive care and increased patient satisfaction and adherence to policies at James Cook University Hospital. This paper provides a critical appraisal of this role development and discusses some of the lessons learned.
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In the last 20 years, in developed countries, maternal mortality rates have fallen such that analysis of cases of severe maternal morbidity is necessary to provide sufficient numbers to give a clinically relevant assessment of the standard of maternal care. Different approaches to the audit of severe maternal morbidity exist, and include need for intensive care, organ system dysfunction and clinically defined morbidities. ⋯ The death to severe morbidity ratio may reflect the standard of maternal care. Audits of severe maternal morbidity should be complementary to maternal mortality reviews.
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Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol · Oct 2008
ReviewCritical care in obstetrics: pregnancy-specific conditions.
This chapter summarizes the clinical presentation, pathophysiology, evaluation and management of six commonly encountered complications unique to pregnancy that require critical care management: obstetric haemorrhage; pre-eclampsia/HELLP (haemolysis-elevated liver enzymes-low platelets) syndrome; acute fatty liver of pregnancy; peripartum cardiomyopathy; amniotic fluid embolism; and trauma.