Journal of pain & palliative care pharmacotherapy
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J Pain Palliat Care Pharmacother · Mar 2015
Chronic opioid pain management for chronic kidney disease.
Questions from patients about pain conditions, pain treatment, and responses from authors are presented to help educate patients and make them effective self-advocates. The topics addressed in this issue are renal or kidney failure and chronic pain management with opioids, morphine, and oxycodone effect in the body over a period of time. This includes process of absorption, distribution, localization in tissues, biotransformation and excretion in chronic kidney disease, expected side effects and recommendations.
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The neurobiology of pain and analgesia exhibits plasticity in different pain states. Animal models allow the study of the pathways, neuronal plasticity, and pharmacology that reflect the pains many patients have. Inherited pain disorders may also indicate the pain-related roles of gene products. ⋯ Pain remains a subjective experience, and the search for objective measures or biomarkers of pain has so far not yielded definitive results. However, rational, mechanistic explanations for pain states are emerging, and a number of potential treatment targets that have recently been revealed by animal models of clinical pain conditions are beginning to be translated to the patient. This article outlines some of the major recent developments in preclinical and clinical pain science that have the potential to shape the development of new treatments for pain.