Advances in neonatal care : official journal of the National Association of Neonatal Nurses
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Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) remains a concern for many preterm infants. Early detection and timely treatment have been shown to be effective in improving visual outcomes; moreover, it is crucial that a series of indirect ophthalmic examinations be performed until an infant is considered no longer at risk for the disease. The purpose of this systematic review is to summarize and evaluate the published evidence regarding characteristics and effectiveness of pain management interventions during the ROP examination. ⋯ Despite the general consensus that ROP examination is a painful procedure with considerable amount of discomfort, evidence shows that pain management during the ROP examination is inadequate. Although there are currently clear recommendations and guidelines for performing the ROP examination, there are no standard protocols for pharmacological and nonpharmacological pain management during the ROP examination. This is an area where much work is still needed to address the needs of the infant during this critical examination.
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Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome is a rare but well-documented congenital malformation. Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome has sometimes been used interchangeably with Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber syndrome. However, Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome is the correct term used for the triad of congenital anomalies. ⋯ It is important to differentiate between the 2 syndromes because treatment and prognosis are so different. Parkes-Weber syndrome has a poor prognosis for limb viability. This article describes a case study of an infant presenting with Klippel-Trenaunay including a review of the syndrome and treatment recommendations.