The spine journal : official journal of the North American Spine Society
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Total disc arthroplasty serves as the next frontier in the surgical management of intervertebral discogenic pathology. ⋯ The implementation of dynamic spinal stabilization systems for fusionless correction of spinal deformity, dynamic posterior stabilization and total disc arthroplasty necessitates improved understanding with regard to spinal kinematics, patterns and mechanisms of histologic osseointegration and the neurohistopathologic response to particulate wear debris. Collectively, the current studies provide a methodologic basis to comprehensively evaluate these three areas.