The spine journal : official journal of the North American Spine Society
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Penetrating bullets dissipate thermal and kinetic energy into surrounding tissues. Within the thecal sac, this is universally associated with neurological deficits. ⋯ Patients can avoid neurological injury even with an intrathecal gunshot wound. However, intrathecal bullets may then migrate and cause variable neurological complaints, necessitating surgical removal. Patient positioning can influence bullet location which can be useful in surgical planning.
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Determining the presence of comorbid conditions in patients with persistent axial pain after motor vehicle accident (MVA) is important to direct appropriate care and as a public health measure against future traffic injuries. In the clinical care of patients after MVA, they are usually asked about previous axial pain problems and relevant comorbid conditions (psychological distress and drug and alcohol abuse). The accuracy of self-reported previous axial pain history and comorbid conditions after MVA has not been systematically evaluated but has been assumed to be high. ⋯ In patients being seen for continued pain related to an MVA, the validity of self-reported previous axial pain and comorbid conditions appeared poor. The self-reported prevalence of previous axial pain and drug, alcohol, and psychological problems is much less than the documented prevalence in prior medical records. These rates were also markedly below the expected prevalence in age- and sex-matched populations. This effect was seen most prominently in patients perceiving the accident to be another party's fault and in those filing compensation claims. The failure to appreciate previous axial pain problems and drug, alcohol, and psychological problems may compromise patient care and public health opportunities.
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Objective measures including neurological findings, radiographic evaluation, and the Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score are commonly used for the evaluation of surgical outcomes. Because many surgeries are performed primarily to improve quality of life, a patient's subjective evaluations are also important for accurately assessing surgical outcomes. Currently available instruments for assessing quality of life include the Short-Form 36 (F-36), the Oswestry disability index (ODI), and the visual analog scale (VAS) clinical pain scale. ⋯ The JOA, SF-36, ODI, and VAS questionnaires are all useful instruments for measuring surgical outcomes. The VAS score is a better assessment of physical rather than mental health. The ODI is more reflective of patients' subjective symptoms. Finally, the SF-36 is particularly informative because it includes questions addressing both psychological and physical status. Therefore, when combined, the SF-36v2, VAS, and ODI scores are a valuable complement to the JOA scores in evaluating outcomes of surgery for lumbar canal stenosis.
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Multicenter Study
Percutaneous sacroplasty for osteoporotic sacral insufficiency fractures: a prospective, multicenter, observational pilot study.
Sacral insufficiency fractures (SIFs) can cause low back pain in osteoporotic patients. Symptomatic improvement may require up to 12 months. Treatment includes limited weightbearing and bed rest, oral analgesics, and sacral corsets. Significant mortality and morbidity are associated with pelvic insufficiency fractures. Percutaneous injection of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) into the fractured ala, sacroplasty, is an alternative treatment for SIF patients. Under fluoroscopic control, 13-G bone trochars are inserted into the fractured ala while the patient is maintained under conscious sedation. Initial reports have documented safe and effective performance of sacroplasty. Yet, these uncontrolled findings do not allow any precision in estimating complication rates or expected outcome. ⋯ Sacroplasty for SIF appears to be associated with rapid and sustained pain relief in most patients with few complications. More rigorous trials are warranted to provide definitive evidence of the safety and efficacy of sacroplasty for SIFs.
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Posterior decompressions in the form of laminectomies for vertebral body tumors have poor outcomes. Surgical management typically requires anterior decompression and reconstruction; however, these procedures can be associated with significant morbidity and mortality. ⋯ This is the largest study that specifically examines the use of an expandable cage through a posterior extracavitary approach for reconstruction after vertebral body tumor resection. The use of an expandable cage combined with an extracavitary approach is feasible and allows the surgeon to address both the anterior and posterior columns through a single incision. Although technically challenging, both one- and two-level corpectomies in the thoracic and/or lumbar spine can be performed with this technique. Furthermore, insertion of the expandable cage in the collapsed position and then expansion in situ after implantation allowed for all lumbar reconstructions to be completed without sacrificing any of the lumbar nerve roots. Our 14.3% complication rate is similar to those reported in anterior-alone and circumferential spinal procedures.