Pain practice : the official journal of World Institute of Pain
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Regenerative injection-based therapy has established itself as a therapeutic option for the management of a variety of painful musculoskeletal conditions. The aim of this work was to review the current literature regarding regenerative injection therapy for axial/radicular spine pain. ⋯ Currently, there are level I studies to support the use of PRP and MSC injections for discogenic pain; facet joint injections with PRP; epidural injections of autologous conditioned serum and epidural prolotherapy; and PRP and prolotherapy for sacroiliac joint pain. One level I study showed that facet joint prolotherapy has no significant benefit. Notably, no intervention has multiple published level I studies.
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Stimulation of the dorsal root ganglion (DRG-S) has been shown to be an efficacious treatment option for refractory neuropathic pain syndromes. However, placement of the percutaneous leads for trial implantation can be challenging in patients with prior spinal surgical interventions resulting in anatomical changes and adhesions. ⋯ Transgrade lead placement for DRG-S may be an efficacious alternative to traditional anterograde DRG lead placement in cases where interlaminar access below the level of the DRG is not available, or desirable. Further studies are needed to clarify the safety and applicability of this approach.
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An impairment of the peripheral nervous system has been suggested in fibromyalgia (FM). Noninvasive distal electrochemical skin conductance (ESC) has been studied little so far when combined with quantitative sensory testing (QST) in patients with FM. ⋯ This study shows that the sudomotor function is significantly impaired in patients with FM, especially on the dominant hand. This occurs in parallel with adjustments of detection and pain thresholds in the context of deficient spinal pain modulation. ESC values combined with QST values are relevant in the context of patients with FM and need to be explored further in this nociception-autonomic system intertwining.
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Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and spinal cord stimulation (SCS) are 2 common modalities used in management of various pain conditions. RFA generates heat and an electromagnetic field that can theoretically interfere with the functionality and longevity of the SCS device. This is problematic for patients who need RFA and have previously undergone implantation of an SCS device. ⋯ We also present device-specific industry guidelines and recommendations for performing RFA in patients following SCS device implantation.