Articles: analgesics.
-
Review Meta Analysis Comparative Study
Efficacy and safety of ibuprofen and acetaminophen in children and adults: a meta-analysis and qualitative review.
To evaluate the analgesic and antipyretic efficacy and safety of ibuprofen compared to acetaminophen in children and adults. ⋯ Ibuprofen is as or more efficacious than acetaminophen for the treatment of pain and fever in adult and pediatric populations and is equally safe.
-
Meta Analysis Comparative Study
Comparison of the postoperative analgesic efficacy of intravenous patient-controlled analgesia with tramadol to intravenous patient-controlled analgesia with opioids.
Intravenous patient-controlled analgesia (IV PCA) with tramadol is an accepted method to deliver postoperative analgesia outside North America; however, the analgesic efficacy of this analgesic agent when compared with IVPCA with opioids is uncertain. As such, the authors undertook a systematic review to compare the analgesic efficacy of IVPCA tramadol with that of IVPCA with opioids. ⋯ IVPCA tramadol appears to produce similar pain scores when compared with that from IVPCA opioids; however, the side effect profile is different between the two groups. Because of the relatively small sample size, no determination of the relative "safety" (eg, respiratory depression) of one regimen over the other can be made, and larger RCTs would be needed for such a determination.
-
J Pain Symptom Manage · Feb 2010
Review Meta AnalysisA systematic review of oxymorphone in the management of chronic pain.
Opioids are recommended for control of moderate-to-severe, chronic, malignant, and nonmalignant pain. A controlled-release formulation of the opioid oxymorphone has recently been launched. The aim of this review was to assess the effectiveness of oxymorphone as an analgesic in chronic pain. ⋯ No significant differences between oxymorphone and oxycodone at equipotent doses were found. In conclusion, oxymorphone is superior to placebo. There is no evidence that the efficacy of oxymorphone differs from other opioids.
-
Cochrane Db Syst Rev · Jan 2010
Review Meta AnalysisLong-term opioid management for chronic noncancer pain.
Opioid therapy for chronic noncancer pain (CNCP) is controversial due to concerns regarding long-term effectiveness and safety, particularly the risk of tolerance, dependence, or abuse. ⋯ Many patients discontinue long-term opioid therapy (especially oral opioids) due to adverse events or insufficient pain relief; however, weak evidence suggests that patients who are able to continue opioids long-term experience clinically significant pain relief. Whether quality of life or functioning improves is inconclusive. Many minor adverse events (like nausea and headache) occurred, but serious adverse events, including iatrogenic opioid addiction, were rare.
-
Cochrane Db Syst Rev · Jan 2010
Review Meta AnalysisSucrose for analgesia in newborn infants undergoing painful procedures.
Administration of oral sucrose with and without non-nutritive sucking is frequently used as a non-pharmacological intervention for procedural pain relief in neonates. ⋯ Sucrose is safe and effective for reducing procedural pain from single events. An optimal dose could not be identified due to inconsistency in effective sucrose dosage among studies.Further investigation on repeated administration of sucrose in neonates and the use of sucrose in combination with other non-pharmacological (e.g. behavioural, physical) and pharmacologic interventions is needed. Sucrose use in extremely low birth-weight and unstable and/or ventilated neonates needs to be addressed.