Articles: analgesics.
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Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol. · Jan 1982
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialThe use of pain scales in assessing the efficacy of analgesics in post-operative dental pain.
Two 10 cm visual analogue scales were compared with a 0-10 point numerical rating scale and a four-point verbal descriptive scale, in assessing pain severity in twelve patients with post-operative pain following removal of an impacted lower third molar. High correlations were shown between the pain scores from the two visual analogue scales and the numerical scale, but a lower correlation was obtained when the four-point scale was compared with the other scales. Analgesic efficacy was found to be dependent on the type of scale used. The 10 cm visual analogue scale was more sensitive than other pain scales and could discriminate between small changes in pain intensity.
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Acta Anaesthesiol Belg · Jan 1982
Comparative StudyDouble-blind comparison of the postoperative respiratory depressant effects of alfentanil and fentanyl.
Alfentanil was compared with fentanyl in a double blind study of 90 female patients undergoing laparoscopic sterilizations. The analgesic was combined with droperidol and etomidate for induction and with etomidate, nitrous oxide and occasional increments of succinylcholine for maintenance of anesthesia. Twenty-four percent of the patients required reversal of postoperative respiratory depression after fentanyl compared with 7% after alfentanil (p = 0.042). ⋯ However, 84% of patients were alert on awakening after alfentanil compared with 62% of patients after fentanyl (p = 0.032). Duration and quality of postoperative analgesia were similar in both groups. Cardio-vascular stability was satisfactory in all patients and side effects were minor and infrequent.
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Comparative Study
Alfentanil: a study of its analgesic activity and interactions with morphine in the mouse.
Alfentanil has a short duration action which did not markedly increase with increasing dose in mice. It is approximately one-fourth as potent as fentanyl. ⋯ This has been demonstrated with injection of alfentanil 15 min before, simultaneously with and 30 min after morphine injection. There were not significant effects on depression of respiratory rate produce by morphine.
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The single-dose kinetics and the oral and rectal bioavailability of ketobemidone have been studied in patients after surgery. Plasma concentrations were determined following intravenous administration of Ketogin 2 ml, containing ketobemidone chloride 10 mg and the spasmolytic substance N, N-dimethyl-3, 3-diphenyl-l-methylallylamine chloride 50 mg and following oral or rectal administration of Ketogin. ⋯ After rectal administration the plasma half-life was somewhat prolonged (3.27 h), probably due to late absorption., The bioavailability of oral ketobemidone was 34% +/- 16% s.d. (n = 6), and when given rectally 44% +/- 9% s.d. (n = 5). In contrast to earlier investigations performed without plasma analysis, ketobemidone was found to have a rapid elimination when given intravenously, orally or rectally.