Articles: mechanical-ventilation.
-
Journal of critical care · Apr 2021
ReviewNeuroinflammation, neuronal damage or cognitive impairment associated with mechanical ventilation: A systematic review of evidence from animal studies.
Long-term cognitive impairment is a complication of critical illness survivors. Beside its lifesaving role, mechanical ventilation has potential complications. The aim of this study is to systematically review the evidence collected in animal studies that correlate mechanical ventilation with neuroinflammation, neuronal damage and cognitive impairment. ⋯ Preclinical evidence suggests that MV induces neuroinflammation, neuronal damage and cognitive impairment and these are worsened if sub-optimal MV settings are applied. Future studies, with appropriate methodology, are necessary to evaluate for serum monitoring strategies.
-
Intensive care medicine · Apr 2021
Randomized Controlled TrialEarly sedation with dexmedetomidine in ventilated critically ill patients and heterogeneity of treatment effect in the SPICE III randomised controlled trial.
To quantify potential heterogeneity of treatment effect (HTE), of early sedation with dexmedetomidine (DEX) compared with usual care, and identify patients who have a high probability of lower or higher 90-day mortality according to age, and other identified clusters. ⋯ In critically ill mechanically ventilated patients, early sedation with dexmedetomidine exhibited a high probability of reduced 90-day mortality in older patients regardless of operative or non-operative cluster status. Conversely, a high probability of increased 90-day mortality was observed in younger patients of non-operative status. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings.
-
We hypothesized that the lack of benefit of setting a low versus a high PEEP in patients with ARDS may be due in part to differences in the dynamic behavior of the expiratory valve in ventilators. We tested this hypothesis by conducting a bench comparison of the dynamic behavior of expiratory valves on ICU ventilators currently in use. ⋯ The resistance of active expiratory valves differed significantly between the 7 ICU ventilators tested.
-
Acta Anaesthesiol Scand · Apr 2021
Effects of hypercapnia in sepsis: A scoping review of clinical and pre-clinical data.
Perform a scoping review of (1) pre-clinical studies testing the physiological effects of higher PaCO2 levels in the setting of sepsis models and (2) clinical investigations testing the effects of hypercapnia on clinical outcomes in mechanically ventilated patients with sepsis. ⋯ PROSPERO number CRD42018086703.
-
The ratio of dead space to tidal volume (VD/VT) is a clinically relevant parameter in ARDS; it has been shown to predict mortality, and it determines the extent to which extracorporeal CO2 removal reduces tidal volume (VT) and driving pressure (ΔP). VD/VT can be estimated with volumetric capnography, but empirical formulas using demographic and physiological information have been proposed to estimate VD/VT without the need of additional equipment. It is unknown whether estimated and measured VD/VT produce similar estimates of the predicted effect of extracorporeal CO2 removal on ΔP. ⋯ VD/VT and VD,est/VT showed low levels of agreement and cannot be used interchangeably in clinical practice. Nevertheless, the predicted decrease in ΔP due to extracorporeal CO2 removal was similar when computed from either estimated or measured VDalv/VT.