Articles: mechanical-ventilation.
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Intensive care medicine · Dec 2017
EditorialDo we need randomized clinical trials in extracorporeal respiratory support? Yes.
Extracorporeal respiratory support, also known as extracorporeal gas exchange, may be used to rescue the most severe forms of acute hypoxemic respiratory failure with high blood flow venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Alternatively, lower flow extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal might be applied to reduce the intensity of mechanical ventilation in patients with less severe forms of the disease. ⋯ Alternatively, in the more recent CESAR trial, many patients randomized to the ECMO arm did not receive ECMO and no standardized protocol for lung-protective mechanical ventilation existed in the control group. Since these techniques are costly and associated with potentially serious adverse events, there is an urgent need for high-quality data, for which the cornerstone remains randomized controlled trials.
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Annals of intensive care · Dec 2017
Implementation and evaluation of a paediatric nurse-driven sedation protocol in a paediatric intensive care unit.
Optimal sedation and analgesia is a challenge in paediatric intensive care units (PICU) because of difficulties in scoring systems and specific metabolism inducing tolerance and withdrawal. Excessive sedation is associated with prolonged mechanical ventilation and hospitalisation. Adult and paediatric data suggest that goal-directed sedation algorithms reduce the duration of mechanical ventilation. We implemented a nurse-driven sedation protocol in a PICU and evaluated its impact. ⋯ These results were promising and suggested that implementation of a nurse-driven sedation protocol in a PICU was feasible. Evaluation of sedation and analgesia was better after the protocol implementation; duration of mechanical ventilation and occurrence of withdrawal symptoms tended to be reduced.
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Intensive Care Med Exp · Dec 2017
Hyperoxia provokes a time- and dose-dependent inflammatory response in mechanically ventilated mice, irrespective of tidal volumes.
Mechanical ventilation and hyperoxia have the potential to independently promote lung injury and inflammation. Our purpose was to study both time- and dose-dependent effects of supplemental oxygen in an experimental model of mechanically ventilated mice. ⋯ We demonstrated a severe vascular leakage and a pro-inflammatory pulmonary response in mechanically ventilated mice, which was enhanced by severe hyperoxia and longer duration of mechanical ventilation. Prolonged ventilation with high oxygen concentrations induced a time-dependent immune response characterized by elevated levels of neutrophils, cytokines, and chemokines in the pulmonary compartment.
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We aimed to test a novel method of delivery of chloral hydrate (CH) sedation in ventilated critically ill young children. ⋯ Delivering CH by continuous enteral infusion is feasible, effective, and may be associated with less positive fluid balance. Whether there is a risk of duodenal perforation requires further study.
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Observational Study
Analgosedation practices and the impact of sedation depth on clinical outcomes among patients requiring mechanical ventilation in the emergency department: a cohort study.
Analgesia and sedation are cornerstone therapies for mechanically ventilated patients. Despite data showing that early deep sedation in the ICU influences outcome, this has not been investigated in the ED. Therefore, ED-based sedation practices, and their influence on outcome, remain incompletely defined. This study's objectives were to describe ED sedation practices in mechanically ventilated patients and to test the hypothesis that ED sedation depth is associated with worse outcomes. ⋯ Early deep sedation is common in mechanically ventilated ED patients and is associated with worse mortality. These data suggest that ED-based sedation is a modifiable variable that could be targeted to improve outcome.