Articles: mechanical-ventilation.
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Anaesth Crit Care Pain Med · Oct 2017
Rationale, study design and analysis plan of the lung imaging morphology for ventilator settings in acute respiratory distress syndrome study (LIVE study): Study protocol for a randomised controlled trial.
Different acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) phenotypes may explain controversial results in clinical trials. Lung-morphology is one of the ARDS-phenotypes and physiological studies suggest different responses in terms of positive-end-expiratory-pressure (PEEP) and recruitment-manoeuvres (RM) according to loss of aeration. To evaluate whether tailored ventilator regimens may impact ARDS outcomes, our group has designed a randomised-clinical-trial of ventilator settings according to lung morphology in moderate-to-severe ARDS (LIVE study).
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J Clin Monit Comput · Oct 2017
Randomized Controlled TrialCentral venous catheter tip migration due to tracheal extubation: a prospective randomized study.
Considerable numbers of patients undergo central venous catheterization (CVC) under mechanical ventilation. We hypothesized that the return of spontaneous breathing and tracheal extubation could be associated with distal CVC tip migration towards intracardiac positions due to decreasing intrathoracic pressures and subsequent readjustment of mediastinal organs. Patients scheduled for cardiac surgery were randomized for right or left internal jugular vein (IJV) CVC placement under general anesthesia and mechanical ventilation. ⋯ A CXR using CVC tip to carina distances revealed no significant tip migrations in the time between postoperative assessment and following tracheal extubation (5.1 ± 1.7 vs. 5.3 ± 1.5 cm; P = 0.196). In patients with CVCs positioned at the cavoatrial junction, tracheal extubation was not associated with significant postoperative CVC tip malposition, but tended to undergo proximal migration. This trend should be considered particularly in left-sided thoracocervical puncture approaches to avoid unfavorable CVC tip positions.
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The American Thoracic Society/European Society for Intensive Care Medicine/Society of Critical Care Medicine guidelines on mechanical ventilation in adult patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) provide treatment recommendations derived from a thorough analysis of the clinical evidence on six clinical interventions. However, each of the recommendations contains areas of uncertainty and controversy, which may affect their appropriate clinical application. ⋯ Because daily management of patients with ARDS presents the challenge of competing considerations, clinicians should consider the mechanism of ventilator-induced lung injury, as well as the rationale for interventions designed to mitigate it, when applying evidence-based recommendations at the bedside.
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J Clin Monit Comput · Oct 2017
Analysis and compensation for errors in electrical impedance tomography images and ventilation-related measures due to serial data collection.
Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) is increasingly being used as a bedside tool for monitoring regional lung ventilation. However, most clinical systems use serial data collection which, if uncorrected, results in image distortion, particularly at high breathing rates. The objective of this study was to determine the extent to which this affects derived parameters. ⋯ Values from the original and corrected data were compared using paired t-tests. Of the 33 data sets, 23 showed significant differences in filling index for at least one region, 11 had significant differences in calculated tidal impedance change and 12 had significantly different filling fractions (p = 0.05). We conclude that serial collection errors should be corrected before image reconstruction to avoid clinically misleading results.
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There is a current trend towards lighter or no sedation of mechanically ventilated patients in the intensive care unit. The advantages of less sedation have been demonstrated as shorter duration of mechanical ventilation and reduced length of stay in the intensive care unit and hospital. Non-sedated patients are more awake during mechanical ventilation, but little is known about how this affects the intensive care patient. ⋯ Being awake during mechanical ventilation entailed new opportunities and challenges for critically ill patients. Patients found themselves at the interface between agency and powerlessness as they were able to interact, yet were bound by contextual factors such as bodily weakness, technology, spatial position and relational aspects. This knowledge is important to develop patient-centered nursing practice in the context of lighter sedation.