Articles: opioid-analgesics.
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Comparative Study
A population-based study of sociodemographic and clinical factors among children and adolescents with opioid overdose.
An upsurge of high-risk opioid misuse has contributed to the epidemic of opioid overdose in the United States. The primary aim was to report the rate of opioid overdose among the pediatric population and to report demographic and medical differences among POD versus IOD populations. ⋯ Our findings reinforce existing studies that report a continued rise in opioid morbidity and mortality while providing new insights into sociodemographic patterns and comorbidities associated with POD versus IOD.
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To determine the proportion of initial opioid prescriptions for opioid-naive patients prescribed by surgeons, dentists, and emergency physicians. We hypothesized that the percentage of such prescriptions grew as scrutiny of primary care and pain medicine opioid prescribing increased and guidelines were developed. ⋯ Initial opioid prescribing attributable to surgical and dental care is increasing relative to primary and chronic pain care. Evidence-based guideline development for surgical and dental prescribing is warranted in order to curb iatrogenic opioid morbidity and mortality.
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The use and misuse of opioid pain medication is a public health problem that has extended to pregnant women. Assessing both the use and misuse of opioid pain medication had been limited. ⋯ The high rates of use and misuse of opioids in pregnant women underscores a critical need for screening for opioid use and misuse, particularly among White women. Pregnancy provides a unique window of opportunity to educate, screen, and provide treatment.
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This report presents up-to-date evidence and expert consensus-based revisions to the ASPMN 2011 guidelines that inform interprofessional clinical decision-making for hospitalized adults receiving opioid analgesics. ⋯ Opioid medications continue to be a major component in the management of acute pain. Clinicians have the primary responsibility for safe and effective pain management. Evidence based monitoring strategies can improve patient safety with opioids.
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Previous research suggests that racial disparities in patients' reported analgesic adverse effects are partially mediated by the type of opioid prescribed to African Americans despite the presence of certain comorbidities, such as renal disease. ⋯ Both race and insurance type independently predict type of opioid selection for cancer outpatients. Larger clinical studies are needed to fully understand the sources and clinical consequences of racial differences in opioid selection for cancer pain.