Articles: analgesia.
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J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. · Aug 1984
Roles of mu, delta and kappa opioid receptors in spinal and supraspinal mediation of gastrointestinal transit effects and hot-plate analgesia in the mouse.
The opioid receptors involved in the mediation of thermal analgesia (55 degrees C hot-plate) and inhibition of gastrointestinal transit at the spinal and supraspinal levels were studied in unanesthetized mice. Five receptor-selective compounds were evaluated for effectiveness in eliciting analgesia and inhibiting transit after both i.c.v. and intrathecal administration; these included the proposed mu agonist, [D-Ala2, N-methyl-Phe4, Gly5-ol]enkephalin (DAGO), the proposed delta agonists, [D-Pen2, L-Pen5]enkephalin (DPLPE), [D-Pen2, D-Pen5]enkephalin (DPDPE) (conformationally constrained delta selective enkephalin analogs) and [D-Thr2, Thr6, Leu5]enkephalin (DTTLE), and the proposed kappa agonist, trans-3,4-dichloro-N-methyl-N-[2-(1-pyrolidinyl)-cyclohexyl]- benzeneacetamide methanesulfonate (U-50,488H), as well as the nonselective mu-acting agonist, morphine. ⋯ Similarly, all the compounds produced analgesic responses after intrathecal administration, with the rank order of potency by this route being DTTLE greater than morphine greater than DAGO greater than DPLPE greater than DPDPE greater than U-50,488H, and all compounds (except U-50,488H) had durations of action of up to 20 to 40 min. These agonists also inhibited gastrointestinal transit after intrathecal administration, with a rank order of potency of DAGO greater than DTTLE greater than DPLPE greater than morphine greater than DPDPE greater than U-50,488H.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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This study examines the changing pattern of maternal analgesia administration during the decade 1970-1979. In addition, the relationship between analgesia, anaesthesia and the infant's Apgar score was documented. Approximately 40000 deliveries to South Glamorgan residents were included in the study. ⋯ Respiratory depression following Caesarean section remains a problem. The group delivered by elective Caesarean section contained a substantial proportion of infants with a low Apgar score; 30% had an Apgar score less than 8 and 10% had a score of less than 4. Likely causative factors include undue sensitivity of the infants' respiratory centre and aortocaval compression during surgery.
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Regional-Anaesthesie · Jul 1984
Case Reports[Continuous, long-term peridural morphine analgesia in an ambulatory cancer patients].
For the treatment of cancer patients opioids can be administered epidurally. Continuous epidural analgesia with morphine, carried out with an externally portable pump, which can be programmed as to dosage, offers certain advantages as compared to a bolus injection. In contrast to the method of implanting a pump system our procedure is considerably less invasive, more economical, due to reusage of the pump, and more convenient to the patient.
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Comparative Study
Infusion analgesia for acute war injuries. A comparison of pentazocine and ketamine.
Continuous intravenous infusions of ketamine and pentazocine have been used to provide analgesia in 18 patients with acute war injuries. The drugs were given alternately. ⋯ Arterial blood pressure and respiratory rate were maintained following ketamine but tended to fall after pentazocine. It is suggested that ketamine would be the better agent in patients with hypovolaemia or respiratory depression.