Articles: adult.
-
Methods Find Exp Clin Pharmacol · May 1992
Water: mechanism of oral rehydration, water deficiency = deficiency in salt.
UNICEF, the United Nations International Children Emergency Funds, has staged an enormous program to improve children's health conditions in the developing countries. One extremely fruitful field of engagement was, and still is, the treatment of dehydration. Oral rehydration therapy (ORT) has reluctantly been accepted in the industrialized countries. ⋯ We discuss additional causes of dehydration and its immediate and secondary consequences. We demonstrate not only that, but why and how, a very simple, inexpensive regimen is beneficial and effective in the treatment of dehydration. Without consideration of sodium deficit, understanding will fail, and treatment will remain ineffective.
-
J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol · Jan 1992
Psychopharmacological management of migraine in children and adolescents.
ABSTRACT Migraine is one of the most common causes of pain and headache seen in the offices of pediatricians and child neurologists. In addition to standard antimigraine treatments (ergots, cyproheptadine), several types of psychotropic medication have been used in the treatment of migraine, primarily prophylactically, with varying degrees of success. Although there is some evidence of their efficacy in treating migraine in adults, there are relatively few studies of their efficacy or safety with children. ⋯ Antidepressants seem promising in adolescents and children, but more controlled studies are needed to determine their long-term efficacy in children and adolescents. Antidepressant agents with mixed serotonin and norepinephrine action (e.g., amitriptyline) seem more effective than the more selective agents in adults, but it generally remains to be seen whether antimigraine medications that are effective in adults will be equally useful in children and adolescents. Studies on mood and anxiety disorders in children and adolescents might be usefully extended to evaluate migraine headaches.
-
Bull. World Health Organ. · Jan 1992
Tuberculosis control and research strategies for the 1990s: memorandum from a WHO meeting.
Tuberculosis is the largest cause of death from a single infectious agent in the world, killing nearly 3 million people every year. This death toll represents 25% of avoidable adult deaths in developing countries. It imposes a heavy burden on the 8 million new individuals who contract the disease each year, and on their households; morbidity and mortality are concentrated in young adults. ⋯ Broad action is therefore warranted and should be aimed at introducing the effective strategies on as wide a scale as possible to reach the targets of 70% case detection and 85% cure of smear-positive patients, by the year 2000. Research is needed to implement these strategies throughout the world and to ensure that effective tools will remain available for controlling tuberculosis despite emerging problems such as resistance to the major drugs currently available. To make a real impact on the tuberculosis problem, a focused global programme must be created, under the leadership of WHO, to bring tuberculosis to the world's attention, to mobilize support on a major scale, and to provide direct guidance and support to national programmes.
-
Diminished tactile sensibility and impaired hand dexterity have been reported for elderly individuals. Reports that younger adults with severely impaired tactile sensibility use excessive grasp force during routine grasp and manipulation tasks raise the possibility that elderly persons likewise produce large grasp forces that may contribute to impaired dexterity. Impaired pseudomotor functioning also occurs in elderly subjects and may yield a slipperier skin surface that enhances the possibility for excessive grasp force. ⋯ Twopoint discrimination limina in the older subjects averaged about four times greater than in the younger subjects. Increased grasp forces in elderly persons may result from other factors, such as increased variability in grip force production. The contributions of excessive grasp forces to impaired dexterity in older persons still need to be addressed experimentally.