Articles: traumatic-brain-injuries.
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Journal of neurotrauma · Jan 2016
Apolipoprotein E-Mimetic COG1410 Reduces Acute Vasogenic Edema following Traumatic Brain Injury.
The degree of post-traumatic brain edema and dysfunction of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) influences the neurofunctional outcome after a traumatic brain injury (TBI). Previous studies have demonstrated that the administration of apolipoprotein E-mimetic peptide COG1410 reduces the brain water content after subarachnoid hemorrhage, intra-cerebral hemorrhage, and focal brain ischemia. ⋯ The results demonstrated that treatment with COG1410 suppressed the activity of matrix metalloproteinase-9, reduced the disruption of the BBB and Evans Blue dye extravasation, reduced the TBI lesion volume and vasogenic edema, and decreased the functional deficits compared with mice treated with vehicle, at an acute stage after CCI. These findings suggest that COG1410 is a promising preclinical therapeutic agent for the treatment of traumatic brain injury.
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Comparative Study
Simvastatin's effects on survival and outcome in traumatic braininjury patients: a comparative study.
Mortality and morbidity still remain high in patients with traumatic brain injuries. Understanding the role of new treatments in these patients is critical. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of simvastatin on survival and outcome in traumatic brain injury patients. ⋯ Simvastatin could be suggested as an adjunctive therapy in traumatic brain injury patients.
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Background. Identifying which patients are most likely to be at risk of chronic pain and other postconcussion symptoms following mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI) is a difficult clinical challenge. Objectives. ⋯ Conclusions. Higher levels of pain catastrophizing were related to adverse early MTBI outcomes. The early detection of pain catastrophizing may facilitate goal-oriented interventions to prevent or minimize the development of chronic pain and other postconcussion symptoms.
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Journal of neurotrauma · Jan 2016
Early CT frontal abnormalities predict long term neurobehavioral problems but not affective problems after moderate to severe TBI.
Behavioral problems are serious consequences of moderate to severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) and have a negative impact on outcome. There may be two types: neurobehavioral problems, manifesting as inadequate social behavior resulting from prefrontal system damage, and affective behavioral problems, resulting from emotional distress as a reaction to the brain injury. In the present study we investigated whether these two types of behavioral problems, as indicated by proxies, could be distinguished in a group of chronic TBI patients and whether early indicators of prefrontal damage on imaging could predict long-term neurobehavioral problems. ⋯ Long-term neurobehavioral problems were significantly correlated to one-year outcome and return to work in the long term. We conclude that in patients with moderate to severe TBI neurobehavioral and affective problems can be distinguished. Early CT frontal abnormalities predict long-term neurobehavioral problems, but not affective problems.
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Controlled cortical impact (CCI) is a commonly used and highly regarded model of brain trauma that uses a pneumatically or electromagnetically controlled piston to induce reproducible and well-controlled injury. The CCI model was originally used in ferrets and it has since been scaled for use in many other species. This chapter will describe the historical development of the CCI model, compare and contrast the pneumatic and electromagnetic models, and summarize key short- and long-term consequences of TBI that have been gleaned using this model. In accordance with the recent efforts to promote high-quality evidence through the reporting of common data elements (CDEs), relevant study details-that should be reported in CCI studies-will be noted.