Articles: traumatic-brain-injuries.
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Brain injury : [BI] · Jan 2016
Preliminary findings on biomarker levels from extracerebral sources in patients undergoing trauma surgery: Potential implications for TBI outcome studies.
Despite several experimental studies on the role of S100B and NSE in fractures, no studies on the influence of surgery on the biomarker serum levels have been performed yet. ⋯ This study demonstrates significant alterations of the biomarker S100B serum levels in patients undergoing surgery. Higher S100B serum levels were found within 24 hours and might be related to the acute fracture. The NSE serum levels were unchanged and this biomarker may offer the probability to serve as a future outcome predictor in studies with patients with traumatic brain injury and additional extracerebral injuries.
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The influence of non-medical factors on the volume of procedures undergone by TBI patients remains an issue of debate. We investigated the association of lack of insurance and African-American race with the procedural volume of TBI patients. ⋯ During the hospitalization of TBI patients, lack of insurance was associated with lower procedural volume. When controlling for insurance status, we did not observe any race associated disparities in procedural volume.
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Mitochondria dysfunction, an enormous potential crisis, has attracted increasing attention. Disturbed regulation of mitochondrial dynamics, the balance of mitochondrial fusion and fission, has been implicated in neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson׳s disease and cerebral ischemia/reperfusion. However the role of mitochondrial dynamics in traumatic brain injury (TBI) has not been illuminated. ⋯ Our findings showed that up-regulation of Drp1 expression started at 1h post-TBI and peaked at 24 h, but inhibition of Drp1 by Mdivi-1 significantly alleviated TBI-induced behavioral deficits and brain edema, reduced morphological change of mitochondria, and decreased TBI-induced cell death together with lesion volume. Moreover, treatment with Mdivi-1 remarkably inhibited TBI-induced the release of cyt-c from mitochondria to cytoplasm, and activation of caspase-3 at 24 h after TBI. Taken together, these data imply that inhibition of Drp1 may help attenuate TBI-induced functional outcome and cell death through maintaining normal mitochondrial morphology and inhibiting activation of apoptosis.
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Observational Study
Predicting outcomes of decompressive craniectomy: use of Rotterdam Computed Tomography Classification and Marshall Classification.
Data on the evaluation of the Rotterdam Computed Tomography Classification (RCTS) as a predictor of outcomes in patients undergoing decompressive craniectomy (DC) for trauma is limited and lacks clarity. ⋯ RCTS is an independent predictor of unfavourable outcomes and mortality among patients undergoing emergency DC.
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Development and aging are influenced by external factors with the potential to impact health throughout the life span. Traumatic brain injury (TBI) can initiate and sustain a lifetime of physical and mental health symptoms. Over 1.7 million TBIs occur annually in the USA alone, with epidemiology suggesting a higher incidence for young age groups. ⋯ A single diffuse TBI did not result in chronic depression-like behaviors or changes in body weight among any groups. The interplay of age at injury and aging with an injury are translationally important factors that influence behavioral performance as a quality of life metric. More complete understanding of these factors can direct rehabilitative efforts and personalized medicine for TBI survivors.