Articles: traumatic-brain-injuries.
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The neuroprotective mechanisms of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy on traumatic brain injury (TBI) remain unclear, especially neuronal apoptosis associations such as the expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), transforming growth-interacting factor (TGIF), and TGF-β1 after TBI. The aim of this study was to investigate the neuroprotective effects of HBO therapy in a rat model of TBI. ⋯ We concluded that treatment of TBI with HBO during the acute phase of injury can decrease local and systemic proinflammatory cytokine TNF-α production, resulting in neuroprotective effects. We also suggest that decreased levels of TGIF and increased levels of TGF-β in the injured cortex leading to decreased neuronal apoptosis is one mechanism by which functional recovery may occur.
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Custom-made porous hydroxyapatite (HA) implant (Fin-Ceramica Faenza S.p.A., Italy) is a biomimetic, osteoconductive material. Margin fusion at the bone-implant edge, cell proliferation within implant pores, and osteointegration in an animal model have already been described. ⋯ Custom-made porous HA implant is an osteoconductive material able to promote osteogenesis, osteointegrate with bone tissue, provide an effective cranial reconstruction, and restore functional features of the skull. However, complete bone healing is still a complex and long process.
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124 Endoscopic Trigeminal Nucleus Caudalis Doral Root Entry Zone Lesioning for Atypical Facial Pain.
While many chronic pain conditions are challenging to treat, atypical facial pain including conditions such as anesthesia dolorosa and trigeminal deafferentation are among the most difficult. Patients experience numbness in facial areas that also have constant severe, burning pain. The condition results from traumatic or surgical deafferentation injuries of the first-order trigeminal nerve. Anesthesia dolorosa occurs in up to 4% of patients who have undergone prior trigeminal procedures. Deafferentation releases second-order neurons along the trigeminal pain pathway to generate spontaneous pain signals, without a nociceptive stimulus. Medications used for neuropathic pain are first-line but often ineffective. ⋯ Endoscopic NC DREZ lesioning is a safe, effective, and minimally invasive approach for reducing neural hyper-excitability in second order neurons in patients with intractable atypical facial pain. Longer-term studies and follow-up are needed for these challenging types of craniofacial pain.
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Multiple mechanisms participated in the cell death after fluid percussion traumatic brain injury (TBI). In the present study, we evaluated the effect on cell death in the injured cortex after fluid percussion TBI and investigated a possible role of autophagy. ⋯ These data suggest that hypothermic treatment could attenuate TBI-induced cell death in this fluid percussion TBI model, possibly through activation of autophagy pathway.
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Journal of neurotrauma · Jul 2015
Estimating contact exposure in football using the Head Impact Exposure Estimate (HIEE).
Over the past decade, there has been significant debate regarding the effect of cumulative subconcussive head impacts on short and long-term neurological impairment. This debate remains unresolved, because valid epidemiological estimates of athletes' total contact exposure are lacking. We present a measure to estimate the total hours of contact exposure in football over the majority of an athlete's lifespan. ⋯ The HIEE measure was independent of concussion history (p = 0.82). Estimating total hours of contact exposure may allow for the detection of differences between individuals with variation in subconcussive impacts, regardless of concussion history. This measure is valuable for the surveillance of subconcussive impacts and their associated potential negative effects.