Articles: traumatic-brain-injuries.
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Ann Phys Rehabil Med · Dec 2014
Cognitive and behavioural post-traumatic impairments: what is the specificity of a brain injury ? A study within the ESPARR cohort.
The variety and extent of impairments occurring after traumatic brain injury vary according to the nature and severity of the lesions. In order to better understand their interactions and long-term outcome, we have studied and compared the cognitive and neurobehavioral profile one year post onset of patients with and without traumatic brain injury in a cohort of motor vehicle accident victims. ⋯ The presence and the initial severity of a traumatic brain injury condition the nature and frequency of residual effects after one year. Some impairments such as irritability, which is generally associated with traumatic brain injury, do not appear to be specific to this population, nor does depressive mood. Substantial interactions between cognitive, affective and neurobehavioral disorders have been highlighted.
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Journal of neurotrauma · Dec 2014
AQP4 tag single nucleotide polymorphisms in patients with traumatic brain injury.
Accumulating evidence suggests that the extent of brain injury and the clinical outcome after traumatic brain injury (TBI) are modulated, to some degree, by genetic variants. Aquaporin-4 (AQP4) is the predominant water channel in the central nervous system and plays a critical role in controlling the water content of brain cells and the development of brain edema after TBI. We sought to investigate the influence of the AQP4 gene region on patient outcome after TBI by genotyping tag single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) along AQP4 gene. ⋯ Significant associations with TBI outcome were detected for rs3763043 (OR [95% confidence interval (CI)]: 5.15 [1.60-16.5], p=0.006, for recessive model), rs3875089 (OR [95% CI]: 0.18 [0.07-0.50] p=0.0009, for allele difference model), and a common haplotype of AQP4 tag SNPs (OR [95% CI]: 2.94, [1.34-6.36], p=0.0065). AQP4 tag SNPs were not found to influence the initial severity of TBI or the presence of intracranial hemorrhages. In conclusion, the present study provides evidence for possible involvement of genetic variations in AQP4 gene in the functional outcome of patients with TBI.
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Journal of neurosurgery · Dec 2014
Trends and outcome predictors after traumatic brain injury surgery: a nationwide population-based study in Taiwan.
The authors sought to analyze trends in hospital resource utilization and mortality rates in a population of patients who had received traumatic brain injury (TBI) surgery. ⋯ These data reveal an increased prevalence of TBI, especially in older patients, and an increased hospital treatment cost but a decreased in-hospital mortality rate. Health care providers and patients should recognize that attributes of the patient and of the hospital may affect hospital resource utilization and the mortality rate. These results are relevant not only to other countries with similar population sizes but also to countries with larger populations.
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In recent years, the incidence of injury in older people has increased. The aim of this study is to address the hypothesis that this increase is due to an increase in the incidence of some injuries that, while less common than hip fractures, are sufficient jointly to counteract the decrease or stabilisation in hip fracture rates observed in most countries. ⋯ Although hip fracture continue to be the most common type of injury in older people, this study has allowed identifying other types of injury that are becoming increasingly common. These trends are driving paradigm changes in the burden of injuries requiring treatment within the hospital system, and must be taken into account in the design of preventative programs and actions.
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Journal of neurosurgery · Dec 2014
Sex differences in the effect of progesterone after controlled cortical impact in adolescent mice: a preliminary study.
While progesterone has been well studied in experimental models of adult traumatic brain injury (TBI), it has not been evaluated in pediatric models. The study of promising interventions in pediatric TBI is important because children have the highest public health burden of such injuries. Therapies that are beneficial in adults may not necessarily be effective in the pediatric population. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether progesterone treatment improves outcomes in an experimental model of pediatric TBI. ⋯ These data suggest a sex-specific effect of progesterone treatment after CCI in adolescent mice and could inform clinical trials in children.