Articles: traumatic-brain-injuries.
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Brain injury : [BI] · Jan 2015
Subdural hygroma following decompressive craniectomy or non-decompressive craniectomy in patients with traumatic brain injury: Clinical features and risk factors.
Subdural hygroma (SDG) is a common complication that can occur after head trauma or secondary to decompressive craniectomy (DC). SDGs can be located not only ipsilateral or contralateral to the side of the DC, but also bilateral or unilateral in patients without DC. This study investigated the incidence and risk factors for different types of SDG in a large cohort of patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI). ⋯ This study suggested that the incidence of SDG in patients who have and have not undergone DC was identical; however, the patients' characteristics and risk factors differed. Therefore, the management and prediction of SDG should be performed according to SDG type.
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Brain injury : [BI] · Jan 2015
Longitudinal changes in mathematical abilities and white matter following paediatric mild traumatic brain injury.
Paediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI) has been associated with acute and long-term mathematical difficulties. Little is known about the recovery of these impairments in children with mild TBI (mTBI) and their underlying pathophysiology, such as white matter abnormalities. ⋯ Children with mTBI recovered in terms of mathematical abilities and white matter. These children continued to show working memory deficits, which might interfere with learning at school.
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Traffic injury prevention · Jan 2015
Epidemiology and patterns of transport-related fatalities in Austria 1980-2012.
Transport-related accidents remain the largest single cause of death among people aged 15 to 29 in the European Union, and despite the decrease in number of fatalities from 1990 onwards they remain a significant public health problem. The aim of this article was to analyze the long-term trends and patterns of transport-related fatalities, identify the anatomic distribution of most significant injuries in different road users, and identify the primary populations at risk of transport-related death in Austria between 1980 and 2013. ⋯ Despite the decreasing trend observed, transport-related fatalities remain a serious public health issue in Austria. An increase in the mortality of motor vehicle drivers warrants more preventive action in this group. Further research is needed on other outcomes of transport accidents such as long-term disabilities to elucidate the true public health burden of transport accidents.
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Non-neurological complications like acute kidney injury (AKI) can affect outcome of traumatic brain injury (TBI). This study aims to analyze the incidence, predictive factors, and impact of AKI in operated patients with severe TBI. ⋯ Reversible AKI without need for RRT occurred in nearly 12% of patients with severe TBI requiring surgical intervention. Aminoglycoside therapy was the only predictive factor for the occurrence of AKI. Patients with AKI have a longer period of mechanical ventilation, longer ICU and hospital stay, and poorer GCS at discharge.
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NeuroImage. Clinical · Jan 2015
White matter and reading deficits after pediatric traumatic brain injury: A diffusion tensor imaging study.
Pediatric traumatic brain injury often results in significant long-term deficits in mastery of reading ability. This study aimed to identify white matter pathways that, when damaged, predicted reading deficits in children. Based on the dual-route model of word reading, we predicted that integrity of the inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus would be related to performance in sight word identification while integrity of the superior longitudinal fasciculus would be related to performance in phonemic decoding. ⋯ No association was identified between the inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus and sight word reading or phonemic decoding. Reading fluency was associated with the integrity of the cingulum bundle. These findings support dissociable pathways predicting word reading and fluency using Diffusion Tensor Imaging and provide additional information for developing models of acquired reading deficits by specifying areas of brain damage which may predict reading deficits following recovery from the acute phase of TBI.