Articles: traumatic-brain-injuries.
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Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is a major cause of death and disability in the US and a recognized risk factor for the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The relationship between these conditions is not completely understood, but the conditions may share additive or synergistic pathological hallmarks that may serve as novel therapeutic targets. Heightened inflammasome signaling plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of central nervous system injury (CNS) and the release of apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain (ASC) speck from neurons and activated microglia contribute significantly to TBI and AD pathology. ⋯ Moreover, treatment of injured AD mice with IC100, an anti-ASC monoclonal antibody, inhibited the inflammasome, as evidenced by IL-1β reduction in the injured cortex at 1-week post injury. These findings show that the inflammasome response is heightened in mice genetically predisposed to AD and suggests that AD may exacerbate TBI pathology. Thus, dampening inflammasome signaling may offer a novel approach for the treatment of AD and TBI.
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Traumatic brain injury has different pathophysiology and outcomes in children and adults. This study investigated the relationship between clinical and laboratory findings at admission and Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) score in children with traumatic brain injury. ⋯ Clinical and laboratory findings such as hypotension, hyponatremia, prothrombin time, partial thromboplastin time, pupil size, pupil reaction to light, and Glasgow Coma Scale score at admission could affect GOS score at discharge and result in poor outcomes in children with traumatic brain injury.
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As the population worldwide is aging, the need for surgery in elderly patients with neurotrauma is increasing. The aim of this study was to compare the outcome of elderly patients undergoing surgery for neurotrauma with younger patients and to identify the risk factors for mortality. ⋯ Elderly patients after neurotrauma present with a better GCS at admission despite having more severe radiographic injuries. Mortality and favorable outcome rates are comparable between the age groups.
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This study aimed to compare the prognostic value of Marshall, Rotterdam, and Neuroimaging Radiological Interpretation Systems (NIRIS) in predicting the in-hospital outcomes of patients with traumatic brain injury. ⋯ The Marshall, Rotterdam, and NIRIS are good predictive models for mortality and outcome prediction, with slight superiority of the Rotterdam in mortality prediction and the Marshall in intensive care unit admission and neurosurgical procedures.
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Multicenter Study Observational Study
Analysis of effectiveness and outcome of traumatic brain injury treatment in ED during COVID-19 pandemic: A multicenter in Taiwan.
The coronavirus disease 2019 has become a threat to global healthcare because of its rapid spread and evolution. In severe cases, the initial management of the disease is mainly supportive therapy and mechanical ventilation. Therefore, we investigated whether a modified emergency department workflow affects the efficacy will influence the efficacy and patient outcomes of traumatic brain injury (TBI) in Taiwan. ⋯ The "Door to the operating room (OR)," with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing, was on average 109.7 minutes slower than without the PCR testing in the reference period 2019. TBI treatment efficiency was delayed because of the PCR test. However, the surgical volume and functional outcome during these 2 periods were statistically insignificant compared to the pre-pandemic period because the spread of the virus was well controlled and hospital capacity was increased.