Articles: traumatic-brain-injuries.
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Journal of neurotrauma · Nov 2022
Effects of White-Matter Tract Length in Sport-Related Concussion: A Tractography Study from the NCAA-DoD CARE Consortium.
Sport-related concussion (SRC) is an important public health issue. White-matter alterations after SRC are widely studied by neuroimaging approaches, such as diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Although the exact anatomical location of the alterations may differ, significant white-matter alterations are commonly observed in long fiber tracts, but are never proven. ⋯ The affected white-matter tracts had a high streamline count at length of 80-100 mm and high length-adjusted affected ratio for streamline length longer than 80 mm. DTI mean diffusivity was higher in the affected streamlines longer than 100 mm with significant associations with the Brief Symptom Inventory score. Our findings suggest that long fibers in the brains of collegiate athletes are more vulnerable to acute SRC with higher mean diffusivity and a higher affected ratio compared with the whole distribution.
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Journal of neurotrauma · Nov 2022
Understanding primary blast injury: High frequency pressure acutely disrupts neuronal network dynamics in cerebral organoids.
Blast exposure represents a common occupational risk capable of generating mild to severe traumatic brain injuries (TBI). During blast exposure, a pressure shockwave passes through the skull and exposes brain tissue to complex pressure waveforms. The primary neurophysiological response to blast-induced pressure waveforms remains poorly understood. ⋯ Conversely, organoids exposed to higher amplitude pressure (350k Pa) displayed drastic neurophysiological differences that failed to recover within 24 h. Further, lower amplitude "blast" (250 kPa) did not induce cellular damage whereas the higher amplitude "blast" (350 kPa) generated greater apoptosis throughout each organoid. Our data indicate that specific features of pressure waves found intracranially during blast TBI have varied effects on neurophysiological activity that can occur even without cellular damage.
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Journal of neurotrauma · Nov 2022
Effects of isolated and combined exposure of the brain and lungs to a laser-induced shock wave(s) on physiological and neurological responses in rats.
Blast-induced traumatic brain injury (bTBI) has been suggested to be caused by direct head exposure and by torso exposure to a shock wave (thoracic hypotheses). It is unclear, however, how torso exposure affects the brain in real time. This study applied a mild-impulse laser-induced shock wave(s) (LISW[s]) only to the brain (Group 1), lungs (Group 2), or to the brain and lungs (Group 3) in rats. ⋯ Alternatively, two groups of rats with lung exposure (Group 2 and Group 3) exhibited continuously aggravated motor functions for up to seven days post-exposure, suggesting different mechanisms for motor dysfunction caused by brain exposure and that caused by lung exposure. As for the reported thoracic hypotheses, our observations seem to support the volumetric blood surge and vagovagal reflex. Overall, the results of this study indicate the importance of the torso guard to protect the brain and its function.
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Journal of neurotrauma · Nov 2022
Review Meta AnalysisMagnetic resonance spectroscopy of traumatic brain injury and subconcussive hits: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is a non-invasive technique used to study metabolites in the brain. MRS findings in traumatic brain injury (TBI) and subconcussive hit literature have been mixed. The most common observation is a decrease in N-acetyl-aspartate (NAA), traditionally considered a marker of neuronal integrity. ⋯ NAA was consistently decreased in TBI of all severities, but not in subconcussive hits. Cho and mI were found to be increased in moderate-to-severe TBI but not in mild TBI. Glx and Cr were largely unaffected, but did show alterations in certain conditions.