Articles: traumatic-brain-injuries.
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Neurorehabil Neural Repair · Jan 2017
Relative to Typical Antipsychotic Drugs, Aripiprazole Is a Safer Alternative for Alleviating Behavioral Disturbances After Experimental Brain Trauma.
Antipsychotic drugs (APDs) are used to manage traumatic brain injury (TBI)-induced behavioral disturbances, such as agitation and aggression. However, APDs exhibiting D2 receptor antagonism impede cognitive recovery after experimental TBI. Hence, empirical evaluation of APDs with different mechanistic actions is warranted. Aripiprazole (ARIP) is a D2 and 5-hydroxytryptamine1A (5-HT1A) receptor agonist; pharmacotherapies with these properties enhance cognition after TBI. ⋯ These findings support the hypothesis and endorse ARIP as a safer APD for alleviating behavioral disturbances after TBI.
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Journal of neurotrauma · Jan 2017
Use of Transcranial Doppler in Patients with Severe Traumatic Brain Injuries.
Severe traumatic brain injuries (TBI) are associated with a high rate of mortality and disability. Transcranial Doppler (TCD) sonography permits a noninvasive measurement of cerebral blood flow. The purpose of this study is to determine the usefulness of TCD in patients with severe TBI. ⋯ Patients with hypoperfusion have a poor prognosis. Patients with vasospasm have a high incidence of mortality and severe disability. TCD is useful in determining early prognosis.
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Brain injury : [BI] · Jan 2017
Temporal profile of care following mild traumatic brain injury: predictors of hospital admission, follow-up referral and six-month outcome.
To investigate the clinical management and medical follow-up of patients with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) presenting to emergency departments (EDs). ⋯ Clinical factors modulate triage to admission, while demographic/socioeconomic elements modulate follow-up care acquisition; six-month functional disability associates with both clinical and demographic/socioeconomic variables. Improving triage to acute and outpatient care requires further investigation to optimize resource allocation and outcome after mTBI. ClinicalTrials.gov registration: NCT01565551.
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The Western Cape Province of South Africa has a great shortage of diagnostic expertise, rehabilitative infrastructure, and support services for patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI). The neurosurgical outpatient setting is busy and often chaotic, and patients are frequently lost to follow-up. This study sought to continue with the design and development of a comprehensive, yet brief tool to aid patient referrals and ensure that no consequence of TBI is left unidentified and unaddressed. ⋯ The findings further highlight the prevalence of the cognitive, behavioral, and psychological consequences of TBI and shed additional light on the particular types of problems that patients with TBI face. Following the identified changes, the questionnaire and algorithm combination are now ready to be validated in the neurosurgical clinical setting.
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Brain injury : [BI] · Jan 2017
Highlighting the differences in post-traumatic symptoms between patients with complicated and uncomplicated mild traumatic brain injury and injured controls.
The goal of the current study is to explore the difference in acute post-concussive symptoms (PCS), headaches, sleep and mood complaints between groups of patients with complicated and uncomplicated mild traumatic brain injuries (mTBIs) and a comparable group of injured controls. Interactions among the following four factors were studied: presence of (1) PCS; (2) headaches; (3) sleep disorders; and (4) psychological status. ⋯ The vestibular function should be assessed systematically after a complicated mTBI. Furthermore, the mTBI diagnosis should be based on operational criteria, and not on reported symptoms.