Articles: disease.
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Case Reports
Peripheral follicular cytotoxic T -like cells in Kawasaki disease with coronary artery aneurysms: A case report.
Kawasaki disease (KD) is the leading cause of acquired heart abnormalities during childhood. The infiltration of CD8+ T cells plays an essential role in the formation of coronary aneurysms. Follicular cytotoxic T (Tfc) cells are a newly defined subset of CD8+ T cells that express CXC-chemokine receptor 5. The role of Tfc cells in KD is unclear. However, in this report, we present 2 KD children with sustained coronary artery aneurysms (CAA), and we found that their peripheral C-X-C Chemokine Receptor 5+ T cells contained quite amounts of CD4 negative cells. Importantly, these cells have never been reported in KD. ⋯ We speculate that Tfc cells may be associated with the formation of CAA. Further studies with larger sample size and functional analysis of these cells are needed.
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Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is an acute autoimmune neurological disorder mainly involving the peripheral nerves. Currently, various cytokines have been shown to be involved in the pathogenesis of GBS. Because of their similar biological structures, interleukin (IL)-36α, IL-36β, IL-36γ, and IL-36 receptor antagonist (Ra) were all renamed and collectively called IL-36 cytokines. ⋯ Similar results were observed in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), IL-36α and IL-36γ levels in CSF were positively correlated with GDSs, while IL-36Ra levels in CSF were negatively correlated with GDSs. Additionally, the serum and CSF levels of IL-36α and IL-36γ in the axonal subtype of GBS patients were higher than those in the demyelination subtype. Based on our findings, IL-36 cytokines may be involved in the pathogenesis of GBS and some of these cytokines may help predict the disease severity and other clinical characteristics of GBS.