Articles: disease.
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Although survival has improved significantly in recent years, prematurity remains a major cause of infant and childhood mortality and morbidity. Preterm births (<37 weeks of gestation) account for 8% of live births representing >50,000 live births each year in the UK. Preterm birth, irrespective of whether babies require neonatal intensive care, is associated with increased respiratory symptoms, partially reversible airflow obstruction and abnormal thoracic imaging in childhood and in young adulthood compared with those born at term. ⋯ They are often labelled as asthmatic although the underlying mechanisms are likely to be very different. Smoking cessation, maintaining physical fitness, annual influenza immunisation and a general healthy lifestyle should be endorsed irrespective of any symptoms. There are a number of clinical and research priorities to maximise the quality of life and lung health in the longer term not least understanding the underlying mechanisms and optimising treatment, rather than extrapolating from other airway diseases.
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Cystic fibrosis (CF) is the most common genetic disorders in the Caucasian population, with estimated between 70,000 and 100,000 patients worldwide. Even if improved diagnostics and clinical management have led to an increased life expectancy, CF still remains a disease that significantly impacts patients' life in terms of symptoms, daily functioning, psychological morbidity and health related quality of life. Available data suggest that symptoms of anxiety and depression, such as in other chronic conditions, are common features in CF patients and in their caregivers, with a significant impact on disease outcomes. ⋯ The TIDES provides useful insights about the psychological/psychiatric comorbidities in CF and its conclusions are absolutely shareable. Nevertheless some doubts remain on the methods and the tools. Further investigation and understanding of anxiety and depression in CF (in terms of prevalence, association with clinical, psychological and sociocultural factors) is necessary and evidence is crescent that a global and multidisciplinary approach is wanted.
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Observational Study
Risk of Acute Kidney Injury and Long-Term Outcome in Patients With Acetaminophen Intoxication: A Nationwide Population-Based Retrospective Cohort Study.
Acetaminophen (APAP) intoxication is a common cause of hepatic toxicity and life-threatening hepatic failure. However, few studies have investigated the possible association between APAP intoxication and acute kidney injury (AKI). We constructed a retrospective cohort study to clarify the relationship between APAP intoxication and the risk of AKI. ⋯ Limitations include retrospective review, selection bias, and absence of data on detail medications used, laboratory investigations and dosage of APAP intoxication. Our long-term cohort study results showed that AKI is a possible adverse effect among patients with APAP intoxication, regardless of whether patients have presented with hepatic toxicity. However, additional studies are necessary to clarify whether such patients can progress to ESRD.