Articles: disease.
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To assess effects of fallout from Chernobyl on incidence of childhood leukaemia in Finland. ⋯ An important increase in childhood leukaemia can be excluded. Any effect is smaller than eight extra cases per million children per year in Finland. The results are consistent with the magnitude of effect expected.
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To estimate the effects of the HIV-1 epidemic on mortality in children under 5 years of age in urban and rural populations in eastern and central, and southern Africa. ⋯ There are likely to be substantial increases in child mortality in sub-Saharan Africa as a result of HIV-1 infection. The main determinant of childhood infection is the scale of the epidemic among adults. Increases in mortality will depend on local adult seroprevalence but are hard to predict precisely because of possible variation in death rates among HIV-1-infected children. In rural areas with low seroprevalence other diseases will remain the main cause of mortality. However, in urban areas families and health services will have to face considerably increased demands from ill and dying children.
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The objective of the present methodological study was to construct and validate a scale of attitudes of people concerning AIDS, to aid in the diagnosis of favourable and unfavourable attitudes and evaluation of educational programs related to AIDS. The steps followed to develop the Likert-type scale were: elaboration of items related to knowledge, feelings and reactions about AIDS; apparent validation and verification of content; application of the instrument in a sample of people; evaluation of the ability to discriminate the items; study of the internal reliability of the scale; factor analysis of the scale to establish the fundamental dimensions of the instrument. The final scale contained 25 items. This instrument showed a high coefficient of reliability and validity.
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In addition to the acute adverse consequencesof ectopic pregnancy, the subsequent reproductive potential of the affected women has continued to attract the attention of medical scientists in recent times. In a study to evaluate the fertility potentials in 138 patients treated for ectopic pregnancy in the King Khalid University Hospital (KKUH) Riyadh, 105 (76.1%) of the patients had follow-up management for periods varying from 12 to 60 months. ⋯ Of these, 51 (48.6%) eventually became pregnant and produced 63 viable pregnancies, 18 abortions and one repeat ectopic pregnancy. Many of those who failed to become pregnant over the follow-up period probably had tubal damage due to the antecedent pelvic inflammatory disease (PID),perhaps compounded by the effects of the ectopic pregnancy and the management, among other factors.
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Annals of Saudi medicine · Jul 1994
Hepatitis B, delta and human immunodeficiency virus infections among Omani patients with renal diseases: A seroprevalence study.
The prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis delta virus (HDV), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections were determined in 102 patients on regular hemodialysis, 82 kidney recipients and 1030 nondialyzed, nontransplanted patients with various renal diseases. The prevalence rates of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in dialysis and renal transplant patients (12.7% and 11.0% respectively) were significantly higher than the rate in a control group of patients who had never been dialyzed nor transplanted (2.9%, P<0.05). ⋯ HIV infection was confirmed in only two of 102 (2.0%) and three of 82 (3.7%) hemodialysis and kidney recipients respectively. These data indicate hepatitis B, delta and HIV infections are major health problems among hemodialysis and renal transplant patients in the Sultanate of Oman.