Articles: disease.
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The aim of this study is to utilize ultrasound to evaluate the normal cross-sectional area (CSA) of the phrenic nerve (PN), at the level of the anterior scalene muscle. The study included 62 PNs in 31 healthy subjects (13 men, 18 women); mean age, 36.6 years; mean height, 161.1 cm; mean weight, 69.6 kg; and mean body mass index 25.8 kg/m2. High-resolution ultrasound images of the bilateral PNs were obtained by a radiologist with 15 years of experience in neuromusculoskeletal ultrasound. ⋯ We believe that the reference values for the normal CSA of the PNs obtained in our study could help in the sonographic evaluation of PN enlargement, as it relates to the diagnosis of various diseases affecting the PN. Furthermore, knowledge of its location and size, at the level of the scalene muscle, could help prevent PN-related complications during interventional procedures in that area. Additionally, for each participant, demographic information of age and gender as well as body mass index, weight, and height were documented.
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The number of hospital visits with cervical cancer as the chief complaint among South Korean women aged 20 to 39 has increased by 1.2 times between 2016 and 2020, indicating a need for active screening for the disease. This study aimed to investigate the status of the Papanicolaou (Pap) test and identify factors influencing Pap test experience among South Korean women aged 20 to 39 years. An online questionnaire survey was conducted over 5 days starting from November 19, 2021. ⋯ Pap test attitude, Pap test self-efficacy, cervical cancer knowledge, HPV knowledge, and cancer prevention behavior scores were significantly higher in the Pap test experience group than in the no Pap test experience group (P < .05). Logistic regression analysis showed that experience of coitus (odds ratio [OR] = 10.46, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 4.54-24.11), marital status (OR = 5.96, 95% CI: 2.25-15.77), awareness of the National Cancer Screening Program (OR = 4.39, 95% CI: 1.66-11.58), HPV vaccination (OR = 2.62, 95% CI: 1.35-5.09), employment status (OR = 2.22, 95% CI: 1.08-4.59), and self-efficacy (OR = 1.09, 95% CI: 1.01-1.19) were the influencing factors in the Pap test experience group. To improve the Pap test screening rate among South Korean women aged 20 to 39, reinforcement strategies and intervention programs that involve age-specific approaches must be established.