Articles: disease.
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Observational Study
Initial Evidence of a Possible Effect of HPV Vaccination on Cancer Incidence in Germany—Focus on Cervical Cancer.
Infection with human papillomavirus (HPV) is one of the more common sexually transmitted diseases in Germany. Vaccination against HPV was introduced in Germany in 2007. In this study, we sought to detect a population-based decline in the incidence of cervical cancer in women under age 30 who were eligible for vaccination in the first 11 years after its introduction. ⋯ Eleven years after the introduction of HPV vaccination, a drop in the incidence of cervical cancer was observable at the population level in the birth cohorts eligible for vaccination.
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Larger proportions of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients are currently overweight or with obesity than underweight, and the combination of COPD and obesity is increasing. The purpose of this study was to investigate differences in the body composition, pulmonary function tests, exercise capacity, and health-related quality of life among normal weight, overweight, and obese patients with COPD. ⋯ According to our study, obesity has no negative effect on pulmonary function tests, dyspnea perception, exercise capacity, and health-related quality of life.
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The article presents a clinical case of peculiarities of clinical manifestations, diagnostic and therapeutic approaches of undiagnosed chronic myeloproliferative disease, on the background of which Budd-Chiari syndrome (BCS) developed. The results of clinical course, examination, and treatment of a patient with BCS as a manifestation of the hidden course of primary myelofibrosis with the presence of somatic mutation (V617F) in Janus-tyrosine kinase-2 (JAK2) gene in myeloid cells are presented. Standard clinical and laboratory examinations, and cytomorphologic and histologic examination of bone marrow were used. ⋯ Seven years after the installation of 4 transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts, the patient's condition remains satisfactory. The uniqueness of this clinical case lies in the presence of 2 serious diseases at the same time: myeloproliferative pathology (primary myelofibrosis) JAK2-positive variant and BCS. Timely diagnosis of both hematological diseases and their complication in the form of hepatic vein thrombosis with fulminant cytolytic syndrome allowed timely prescription of adequate treatment with a good clinical response.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study
Dupilumab for COPD with Blood Eosinophil Evidence of Type 2 Inflammation.
Dupilumab, a fully human monoclonal antibody that blocks the shared receptor component for interleukin-4 and interleukin-13, key and central drivers of type 2 inflammation, has shown efficacy and safety in a phase 3 trial involving patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and type 2 inflammation and an elevated risk of exacerbation. Whether the findings would be confirmed in a second phase 3 trial was unclear. ⋯ In patients with COPD and type 2 inflammation as indicated by elevated blood eosinophil counts, dupilumab was associated with fewer exacerbations and better lung function than placebo. (Funded by Sanofi and Regeneron Pharmaceuticals; NOTUS ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT04456673.).