Articles: back-pain.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Effectiveness of transforaminal epidural steroid injection by using a preganglionic approach: a prospective randomized controlled study.
To prospectively evaluate the short- and midterm effectiveness of transforaminal epidural steroid injection (TFESI) for lumbosacral radiculopathy with respect to injection level. ⋯ TFESI for lumbosacral radiculopathy with a preganglionic approach is more effective than TFESI with a ganglionic approach at short-term follow-up.
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This study set out to identify the associations between ergonomics and other factors with back and neck pain among schoolchildren. Self-reported questionnaires were used to record health outcomes and potential risk factors in state schools. Six hundred and seventy-nine schoolchildren from Surrey in the United Kingdom aged 11-14 years took part. ⋯ Upper back pain was associated with school bag weight (3.4-4.45 kg), school furniture features, emotional problems and previous treatment for musculoskeletal disorders. Low back pain was associated with school furniture features, emotional problems, family history and previous injury or accident. It is important to recognise the influence of physical, psychological and family factors in children's pain.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Open-label study of the safety and effectiveness of long-term therapy with extended-release tramadol in the management of chronic nonmalignant pain.
Tramadol ER* is a once-daily oral analgesic for management of moderate-to-moderately severe chronic pain in adults who require around-the-clock treatment of pain. This study evaluated long-term safety of tramadol ER and effectiveness outcomes in the management of chronic, nonmalignant pain. ⋯ Individualized dose titration and limiting once-daily therapy with tramadol ER to the maximum recommended daily dose of 300 mg may balance tolerability and analgesic effects of tramadol ER in patients with chronic, nonmalignant pain.